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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ethical dilemma:
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situation that arises when attempted adherence to basic ethical principles results in two conflicting courses of action
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Nonmaleficence:
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Avoid causing harm or principle of avoiding evil
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Fidelity:
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Keep promises.
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Advocacy
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is the protection and support of another’s rights.
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Reasons for Suspending or
Revoking a License |
Drug or alcohol abuse
FraudDeceptive practice Criminal acts Previous disciplinary actions Gross or ordinary negligence Physical or mental impairments, including age |
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Assault:
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is a threat or an attempt to make bodily contact with another person without that person’s consent. bodily contact without permission |
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Battery:
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assault carried out, includes willful, angry, violent or negligent touching of body, clothes, anything attached or held by other person
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Defamation of character:
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derogatory remarks that diminish reputation
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Slander:
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spoken
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Libel:
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written
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Four Elements of Liability (table 7-2, pg. 120)
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Duty: obligation to act as a reasonably prudent person would in similar circumstances
Breach of duty: failure to act Causation: failure to meet standard of care caused injury Damages: actual harm |
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ISBARQ Method of Patient Hand-off
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I – Introduction: identify self
S – Situation: complaint, dx, treatment plan, patient’s wants/needs B – Background: VS, mental & cognitive, meds, labs A – Assessment: findings R – Recommendation: what needs to be done Q - Question and answer: from both parties |
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Information Obtained on the
Admission Sheet
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Name, address, and date of birth of patient
Gender and marital status Name of admitting physician Name of nearest relative Occupation and employer Financial status for health care payment Religious preference Date and time of admission/admitting diagnosis Identification number |
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Leaving AMA
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Patient is legally free to leave.
Choice carries a risk for increased illness or complications. Patient must sign a release form. Patient is informed of risks prior to signing form.Patient’s signature must be witnessed. Form becomes part of medical record. |
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Guidelines for Discharge Planning
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Assess and identify health care needs.
Set goals with patient. Teach patient and family. Provide home health care referrals. Evaluate discharge planning effectiveness. |
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Patients who meet any of the following criteria need a formal discharge plan and referral to another agency:
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Lack of knowledge of the treatment plan
Social isolation Recently diagnosed chronic disease Major surgery Prolonged recuperation from major surgery or illness Emotional or mental instability Complex home care regimen Financial difficulties Lack of available or appropriate referral sources Terminal illnessTaylor |
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Five Steps of the Nursing Process: ADPIE
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Assessing: collecting, validating, and communicating patient data
Diagnosing: analyzing patient data to identify patient strengths and problems Planning: specifying patient outcomes and related nursing interventions Implementing: carrying out the plan of care Evaluating: measuring extent to which patient achieved outcomes |
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Systematic:
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part of an ordered sequence of activities
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Dynamic:
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great interaction and overlapping among the five steps
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Outcome oriented:
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nurses and patients work together to identify outcomes
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Universally applicable:
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a framework for all nursing activities
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Interpersonal
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human being is always at the heart of nursing
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Trial-and-error problem solving:
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not efficient & dangerous
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Scientific problem solving:
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7step, systematic
(1) problem identification, (2) data collection, (3) hypothesis formulation, (4) plan of action, (5) hypothesis testing, (6) interpretation of results, and (7) evaluation, resulting in conclusion or revision of the hypothesis. |
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Intuitive problem solving:
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understanding based on experience, knowledge, skill
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Nonverbal (body language)
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Facial expressions, touch, eye contact
Posture, gait, gestures General physical appearance Mode of dress and grooming Sounds, silence Electronic communication |
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Developing Listening Skills
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Sit when communicating with a patient.Be alert and relaxed and take your time.Keep the conversation as natural as possible.Maintain eye contact if appropriate.Use appropriate facial expressions and body gestures.Think before responding to the patient.Do not pretend to listen.Listen for themes in the patient’s comments.Use silence, therapeutic touch, and humor appropriately.
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Developing Conversation Skills
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Control the tone of your voice.Be knowledgeable about the topic of conversation.Be flexible.Be clear and concise.Avoid words that might have different interpretations.Be truthful.Keep an open mind.Take advantage of available opportunities.
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Aims of Teaching and Counseling
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Maintaining and promoting healthPreventing illnessRestoring healthFacilitating coping
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TEACH |
T – Tune into the patient.
E – Edit patient information. A – Act on every teaching moment. C – Clarify often. H – Honor the patient as partner in the education process. |
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Three Learning Domains
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Cognitive: storing and recalling of new knowledge in the brain
Psychomotor: learning a physical skill Affective: changing attitudes, values, and feelings |
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Ask Me 3 Questions
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What is my main problem?
What do I need to do? Why is it important for me to do this? |
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COPE Model |
C – creativity
O – optimism P – planning E – expert information |
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3 Domains |
Cognitive domain: lecture, panel, discovery, written materials
Affective domain: role modeling, discussion, audiovisual materials Psychomotor domain: demonstration, discovery, printed materials |
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Oral temperature—
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37.0°C, 98.6°F
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Pulse rate—
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60 to 100 (80 average)
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Respirations—
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12 to 20 breaths/min
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Blood pressure—
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120/80 More important (risky) if high
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Intermittent:
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temperature returns to normal at least once every 24 hours - one of the most common
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Remittent:
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temperature does not return to normal and fluctuates a few degrees up and down
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Sustained or continuous:
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temperature remains above normal with minimal variations
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Relapsing or recurrent:
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temperature returns to normal for one or more days with one or more episodes of fever, each as long as several days- most rare
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Temperatures by area |
Oral: 37.0°C, 98.6°F
Rectal: 37.5°C, 99.5°F- core temp Axillary: 36.5°C, 97.7°F Tympanic: 37.5ºC, 99.5°F Ear - core temp Forehead: 34.4°C, 94.0°F |
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DOSAGE CALCULATION |
D = dose ordered or desired doseH = dose on container label or dose on handV = form and amount in which drug comes (tablet, capsule, liquid)
D/H (V)= AMOUNT TO GIVE |
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Eupnea:
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normal, unlabored respiration; one respiration to four heartbeats
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Orthostatic hypotension
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(postural hypotension) is a decrease in systolic blood pressure of 20 mm Hg or a decrease in diastolic blood pressure of 10 mm Hg within 3 minutes of standing when compared with blood pressure from the sitting or supine position
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The correct cuff should have a
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bladder length that is 80% of the arm circumference and a width that is at least 40% of the arm circumference, with a length-to-width ratio of 2:1.
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Hypertension, HTN
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one of the most common health problems, is blood pressure that is above normal for a sustained period.
S over 140 or D over 90 |
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Secondary hypertension
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Which is much less common than primary hypertension (silent killer), is caused by another disease condition.
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