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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Discuss the role of gastreointestinal organs in digestion and elimination.
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Mouth-masticate food. digestions begins here
Esophagus-peristalsis Stomach-storing swallowed food and liquid; mixing of food, liquid, and digestive joices; and emptying its contents into the small intestine. Small intestine-segmentation and peristalic facilitate both digestion and absorption; duodenum, jejunum, ileum. Large intestine-divided into cecum, colon, and rectum; primary organ of bowel elimination. |
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Describe three functions of the large intestine.
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Absorption-absorbs water, sodium, and chloride from the digested food. if peristalsis is abnormally fast(diarrhea), if the peristaltic contractions slow down (constipation)
Secretion-aids in electrolyte balance Elimination-rectum is the final portion. Here bacteria convert fecal matter into its final form. distention often results in hemorrhoid formation. |
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Explain the physiological aspects of normal defecation.
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If the person becomes depressed, the autonomic nervous system slows impulses and peristalsis decreases, resulting in constipation.
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Discuss psychological and physiological factors that influence the elimination process.
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Age-
Diet-needs fiber (bulk), grains, fresh fruits, and vegetables (help flush the fats and wste more efficiency) Fluid intake- liquefies intestinal contents easing passage Physical activity-promotes peristalsis Personal Habits-pt leimination habits Position during Defecation-squatting is the normal position, immobilized pt. defecation is often difficult. Pain-hemorrhoids, rectal surgery, rectal fistulas, and abdominal surgery often supresses the urge Pregnancy-size of fetus increases the pressure exerted on the rectum. Surgery and Anesthesia-cause peristalsis cessation. GI track is the last to wake up! Medications-pain pills laxatives |
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Describe common physiological alterations in elimination.
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Constipation-a symptom, not a disease sign inability to pass stoles for several days
Impaction-results form unrelieved contstipation. Diarrhea-associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Incontinence-inability to control passage of feces and gas to the anus Flatulence-accumulation of gas in the ntestines-causing the walls to stretch Hemorrhoids-dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. |
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Assess a clients elimination pattern.
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Determineation of the usual elimination pattern
Clients description of usual stool characteristics Identification of routines followed to promote normal elimination Assessment of the use of artificial aids at home Presence and status of bowel diversions Changes in appetite Diet history Description of daily fluid intake history of surgery or illness affecting the GI tract Medication history Emotional state History of exercise History of exercise History of pain or discomfort Social history-where clients live affects their toileting habits Mobility and dex |
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List nursing diagnosis related to alterations in elimination.
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pending
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Describe nursing implications for common diagnostic examinations of the GI tract
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pending
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List nursing interventions that promote normal elimination.
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pending
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List nursing interventions included in bowel training.
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pending
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