Foundations Of Periodontics Ch. 1,2,20

Front 1

Histology

Back 1

Branch of anatomy concerned with the study of the microscopic structures of tissue

Front 2

Tissue

Back 2

a group of interconnected cells that perform a similar function within an organism

Front 3

Cells

Back 3

the smallest structural unit of living matter capable of functioning indepently

Front 4

Extracellular matrix

Back 4

a meshlike material that surrounds the cells. Provides a framework- consists of fibers and gel-like substance

Front 5

Epithelial tissue

Back 5

the tissue that makes up the outer surface of the body (skin) and lines the body cavities. (mouth, stomach, and intestines)

Front 6

Stratified squamous epithelium

Back 6

type of epithelium that is composed of flat cells arranged in several layers

Front 7

Basal Lamina

Back 7

thin mat, that underlies the epithelium

Front 8

Keratinization

Back 8

process by which epithelial cells on the surface of the skin become stronger and waterproof

Front 9

Keratinized epithelial cells

Back 9

have no nuclei and for a tough, resistant layer on the surface of the skin

Front 10

Nonkeratinized epithelial cells

Back 10

have a nuclei and act as a cushion against the mechanical stress and wear

Front 11

Connective tissue

Back 11

fills the spaces between the tissues and organs in the body

Front 12

Epithelial- connective tissue interface

Back 12

is the boundary where the epithelial and connective tissues meet

Front 13

Epithelial ridges

Back 13

deep extensions of epithelium that reach down into the connective tissue

Front 14

Connective tissue papillae

Back 14

fingerlike extensions of connective tissue that extend up into the epithelium

Front 15

Cell junctions

Back 15

are the cellular structures that mechanically attach a cell and its cytoskeleton to its neighboring cells or to the basal lamina

Front 16

Desmosome

Back 16

a specialized cell junction that connects two neighboring epithelial cells and their cytoskeletons together

Front 17

Hemidesmosome

Back 17

a specialized cell junction that connects the epithelial cells to the basal lamina

Front 18

Gingival epithelium

Back 18

a specialized stratified squamous epithelium that functions well in the wet environment of the oral cavity

Front 19

Oral epithelium (OE)

Back 19

epithelium that faces the oral cavity- covers the outer surface of the free gingiva and attached, extends from the crest of the gingival margin to the mucogingival junction. Part of periodontium that is visible to the unaided eye

Front 20

Sulcular epithelium (SE)

Back 20

epithelium that faces the tooth surface without being in contact with the tooth surface. Extends from the crest of the gingival margin to the coronal edge of the JE

Front 21

Junctional epithelium (JE)

Back 21

epithelium that attaches the gingiva to the tooth- forms the base of the sulcus and joins the gingiva to the tooth surface

Front 22

Parakeratinized

Back 22

partially keratinized

Front 23

Keratin

Back 23

a tough, fibrous structural protein that occurs in the outer layer of the skin and the OE

Front 24

Gingival crevicular fluid

Back 24

fluid that flows from the gingival connective tissue into the sulcus- flow is slight in health and increases in disease

Front 25

Internal basal lamina

Back 25

thin mat of extracellular matrix between the epithelial cells of the junctional epithelium and the tooth surface

Front 26

External basal lamina

Back 26

a thin mat of extracellular matrix between the epithelial cells of the junctional epithelium and the gingival connective tissue

Front 27

Supragingival fiber bundles

Back 27

a network of ropelike collagen fiber bundles in the gingival connective tissue. Located coronal tot he crest of the alveolar bone

Front 28

Collagen fibers

Back 28

form a dense network of strong, ropelike cables that secure and hold the gingival connective tissues together

Front 29

Dentogingival unit

Back 29

The JE and the gingival fibers together. Provides structural support to the gingival tissue

Front 30

Periostium

Back 30

dense membrane composed of fibrous connective tissue that closely wraps the outer surface of the alveolar bone

Front 31

Periodontal ligament

Back 31

a thin sheet of fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the roots the teeth the joins the root cementum with the socket wall

Front 32

Fiber bundles of the PDL

Back 32

specialized connective tissue that surrounds the root of the tooth and connects it with the alveolar bone. Largest component of the PDL

Front 33

Sharpey fibers

Back 33

the ends of the PDL fibers that are embedded in the cementum and the alveolar bone

Front 34

Cementum

Back 34

mineralized layer of connective tissue that covers the root of the tooth

Front 35

OMG

Back 35

overlap- 60%- cementum overlaps enamel

meet- 30%- cementum meets enamel

gap- 10-%- gap between cementum and enamel

Front 36

Periodontium

Back 36

the functional system of tissues that surround the teeth and attaches them to the jaw bone. AKA- supporting tissues of the teeth and attachment apparatus. (peri=around odontos=tooth)

Front 37

Gingiva

Back 37

the tissue (mucosa) that covers the cervical portions of the teeth and the alveolar processes of the jaws

Front 38

Periodontal ligament (PDL)

Back 38

the fibers that surround the root of the tooth. Attach bone of the socket on one side to the cementum of root on the other

Front 39

Cementum

Back 39

thin layer of mineralized tissue that covers the root of the tooth

Front 40

Gingival margin

Back 40

coronal boundary of the gingiva. Thin rounded edge- follows contours of teeth

Front 41

Alveolar mucosa

Back 41

apical boundary of the gingiva. Dark red in color and smooth, shiny

Front 42

Free gingival groove

Back 42

a shallow linear depression that separates the free and attached gingiva. May be seen clinically, but not always obvious

Front 43

Mucogingival junction

Back 43

the clinically visible boundary where the pink attached gingiva meets the red, shiny alveolar mucosa

Front 44

Free gingiva

Back 44

the unattached portion of the gingiva that surrounds the root of the region of the CEJ. AKA- unattached gingiva and marginal gingiva

Front 45

Attached gingiva

Back 45

part of the gingiva that is tightly connected to the cementum on the cervical third of the root and to the periosteum of the alveolar bone

Front 46

Stippling

Back 46

healthy surface of attached gingiva has dimpled appearance, similar to the skin of an orange peel. Dimpling is called- stippling (present 40% of the time)

Front 47

Interdental gingiva

Back 47

portion of the gingiva that fills the interdental embrasure between two adjacent teeth apical to the contact area

Front 48

Papillae

Back 48

one facial papilla, one lingual papilla- interdental gingiva consists of both of these

Front 49

Col

Back 49

the valleylike depression in the portion of the interdental gingiva that lies directly apical to the contact area

Front 50

Gingival Sulcus

Back 50

the space between the free gingiva and the tooth surface. 1-3 mm in health, base is formed by JE

Front 51

Gingival crevicular fluid

Back 51

AKA- gingival sulcular fluid- seeps from the underlying connective tissue into the sulcular space

Front 52

Alveolar process

Back 52

AKA- alveolar bone- Bone of the upper or lower jaw that surrounds and supports the roots of the teeth

Front 53

Alveolar bone proper

Back 53

AKA- cribriform plate- thin layer of bone that lines the socket to surround the root of the tooth

Front 54

Alveolus

Back 54

bony socket, cavity in the alveolar bone that houses the root of a tooth

Front 55

Cortical bone

Back 55

layer of compact bone that forms the hard, outside wall of the mandible and maxilla on the facial and lingual aspects- appears thick, white border on radiographs

Front 56

Alveolar crest

Back 56

most coronal portion of the alveolar process

Front 57

Cancellous bone

Back 57

AKA- Spongy bone- latticelike bone that fills the interior portion of the alveolar process- between the cortical bone and the alveolar bone proper

Front 58

Periosteum

Back 58

layer of connective soft tissue covering the outer surface of the bone- outer layer of collagenous tissue, inner layer of fine elastic fibers

Front 59

Innervation

Back 59

nerve supply to the periodontium

Front 60

Trigeminal nerve (V)

Back 60

major nerve for the face, teeth, oral cavity, maxillary sinus and the nasal cavity- has sensory, motor and intermediate roots

Front 61

Anastomose

Back 61

join together (blood vessels)

Front 62

Lymphatic system

Back 62

network of lymph nodes connected by lymphatic vessels that plays an important role on the body's defense against infection

Front 63

Lymph nodes

Back 63

small bean-shaped structures- filter and trap bacteria, fungi, viruses and other unwanted substances to safely eliminate them from the body (either side of head, neck, armpits, and groin)

Front 64

Radiolucent

Back 64

easily penetrated by x-rays, appear dark gray to black on radiographs

Front 65

Radiopaque

Back 65

resist passage of x-rays, appear light gray or white on radiographs

Front 66

Lamina dura

Back 66

the thin layer of dense bone that lines a normal tooth socket- it is the alveolar bone proper- it is called the lamina dura in radiographs (radiopaque)

Front 67

Crestal irregularities

Back 67

the appearance of breaks or fuzziness instead of the nice clean line at the crest of the interdental alveolar bone

Front 68

Triangulation

Back 68

the widening of the PDL space caused by the resorption of the bone along either the mesial or distal aspect of the interdental crestal bone