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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a belief about the worth of something, about what matters, that acts as a standard to guide one's behavior
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value
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an organization of values in which each is ranked along a continuum of importance, often leading to a personal code of conduct
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value system
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peripheral nerve fibers transmit pain
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nocioceptive
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pain from injury to or abnormal peripheral nerve fibers
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neuropathic
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pain where no physical cause is found
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psychogenic
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sources of nocioceptive pain (4)
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cutaneous
somatic visceral neuropathic |
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occurs as organs stretch, poorly localized
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visceral
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scattered, tendons, ligaments, bones, BV's, nerves
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somatic
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skin
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cutaneous
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pain is perceived in an area distant from its point of origin
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referred
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rapid in onset, varies in intensity and duration
protective in nature |
acute
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may be limited, intermittent, or persistant
last for 6 mos or longer periods of remission and exacerbation are common |
chronic
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activation of pain receptors
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transduction
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conduction along pathways (A delta and C delta fibers)
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transmission
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initiation of the protective reflex response
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modulation
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awareness of the characteristics of pain
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perception of pain
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what stimulates nocioceptors?
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bradykinin
prostaglandins substance P |
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vasodilator, cause redness and swelling
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bradykinin
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sends pain stimulus to CNS
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prostaglandins
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sensitizing receptor to apin and cause increase nerve firing
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substance P
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the lowest intensity of a stimulus that causes the subect to recognize pain
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pain threshold
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the pain threshold can be changed
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adaptation
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the process where the sensation of pain is inhibited or modificed
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modulation
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what regulates or modifies the sensation of pain
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neuromodulaters
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opiod neuromodulator that is produced in the neural synapses at various points in the CNS, powerful pain blocking chemical
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endorphins
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the most powerful endorphin
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dynorphin
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reduces pain by inhibiting production of substance P
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enkephalins
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WILDA scale?
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words to describe pain
Intensity Location Duration Aggravating or Alleviating factors |
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biofeedback
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uses a machine to monitor physiologic responses through electrode sensors on the patients skin
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a pharmaceutical agent that relieves pain
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analgesic
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adjuvant drugs
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used for other purposes but also help pain
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