Foundations Of Movement - Exam 1

Front 1

kinesiology

Back 1

the study of human movement

Front 2

Biomechanics

Back 2

study of motion and its causes on living things

Front 3

subdisciplines of Kinesiology (6)

Back 3

-biomechanics
-motor development
-pedagogy
-exercise physiology
-motor learning
-psycho social

Front 4

exercise physiology

Back 4

-identification of physiological mechanisms underlying physical activity
-the comrehensive delivery of treatment services concerned with the analysis, improvement, and maintenance of health and fitness, rehabilitation of heart disease and other chronic diseases and/or disabilities, and the professional guidance and counsel of athletes and others interested in athletics, sports training, and human adaptability to acute and chronic exercise

Front 5

Motor Development

Back 5

-AKA ages and stages
-describes abiitiesm behaviors. cognition developments across based on "normal" development

Front 6

Motor Learning

Back 6

-the process of improving the motor skills. the smoothness and accuracy of movements.
-important for complicated movements and also simple movements like reflexes as parameters of the body and environment change over time
=cerebellum and basal ganglia are critical for motor learning

Front 7

Pedagogy

Back 7

the study of teaching (methods and practice of teaching)

Front 8

Psycho-Social

Back 8

study how factors affect sport performance and physical activity

Front 9

Professions related to Biomechanics (6)

Back 9

-coaching
-orthopedic surgeon
-physical educator
-athletic trainer
-strength and conditioning professional
-occupational therapist

Front 10

Quantitative Analysis

Back 10

measurement of biomechanical varialbes which usually involves some form of technology (a computer to collect numerical data)
-usually performed in a research setting but can also be performed outside lab
-can be very technical and sometimes requires advanced graduate training and experience

Front 11

Qualitative Measurement

Back 11

systemic observation judgement of the quality of human movement for the purpose of providing the most appropriate intervention to improve performance
-remains the main approach kinesiology professionals use in solving most human movement problems

Front 12

Advantages to Quantitative Analysis

Back 12

-Greater accuracy, consistency, precision

Front 13

Advantages of Qualitative Analysis

Back 13

-relies on observation
-faster (on the spot)
-less formal

Front 14

Order of reliable sources (most to least)

Back 14

-peer reviewed journals
-edited proceedings
-edited books
-professional journals
-magazines
-internet

Front 15

Mechanics

Back 15

A branch of physics that studies the motion of objects and the forces that cause motion

Front 16

3 Primary areas of Motion

Back 16

Rigid-body
Deformable body
-fluid

Front 17

Rigid-body

Back 17

the object being analyzed is assumed to be rigid and deformities in shape are minimal

Front 18

Deformable body

Back 18

studies how forces are distributed within a material (ex: cellular relationship to tissues and organs)

Front 19

Fluid

Back 19

addresses forces such as liquids and gases (ex: heart valves, swimming, or adapting sports equipment to minimize air resistence)

Front 20

what is rigid body divided in to?

Back 20

static and dynamic

Front 21

static

Back 21

the study of objects at rest or in constant motion

Front 22

dynamic

Back 22

study of objects being accelerated by actions and forces

Front 23

Kinematics

Back 23

motion description in linear (meters, feet, etc) or angular (radians, degrees, etc) terms
- ex: running speed of a sprinter, stride length, angular velocity of hip extension

Front 24

Kinetics

Back 24

determines causes of motion
- ex: forces between the foot and ground when running; forces of air resistance for a long jumper

Front 25

Scalars

Back 25

variables that ca be completely represented by a number and units of measurement

Front 26

vectors

Back 26

must specify magnitude and direction (size, units, and direction)

Front 27

9 Fundamentals of Biomechanics

Back 27

-Force motion
-Force time
-inertia
-ROM
-Balance
-Coordination Continuum
-Segmental Interaction
-Optimal Projection
-Spin

Front 28

Force Motion

Back 28

forces occur all around and within us and are effected through movement
-ex: standing in self space feeling ground underneath

Front 29

Force Time

Back 29

amount of time force is applied effects motion
-ex: soccer penalty kick using a running approach

Front 30

inertia

Back 30

an object in motion remains in motion until a force works to stop it, hill running or parachute running, skiing down a hill

Front 31

Range of Motion

Back 31

ability/tissue to move joints through optimal angles, pitching with a long stride, turning the torso in a golf swing hickey shot

Front 32

Balance

Back 32

-holding a position or distributing according to a support, handstand, standing on one foot

Front 33

Coordination Continuum

Back 33

timing of muscle or body movement for precise or sequential movement, vertical jump in volleyball, a power clean in weight lifting

Front 34

Segmental Interaction

Back 34

-forces acting in linked ridged bodies that can be transferred through ligaments and joints; sum of body parts toward an end result, ex: parts of the body needed for a golf swing

Front 35

Optimal Projection

Back 35

using objects for distance or accuracy requires contacting or launching a projectile at various angles; ex: football spiral

Front 36

Spin

Back 36

rotation on projectile primarily sport balls; ex: banana kick in soccer, slice in golf

Front 37

5 health related components of fitness

Back 37

-muscular strength
-muscular endurance
-cariovascular endurance
-flexibility
-body composition

Front 38

Muscular Strength

Back 38

is ability of a muscle to exert a maximal force through a given range of motion or at a single given point

Front 39

Muscular Endurance

Back 39

refers to the capacity of a muscle to exert a submaximal force through a given range of motion or at a single point over a given time

Front 40

cardiovascular endurance

Back 40

is the ability to continue training the CV system for a period longer than 20 mins (on average)

Front 41

flexibility

Back 41

the ability of a joint to move freely through a full range of motion

Front 42

body composition

Back 42

the ratio of lean body mass to fat body mass

Front 43

Sport/Skill Related Components of Fitness (6)

Back 43

-agility
-balance
-coordination
-power
-reaction time
-speed

Front 44

Agility

Back 44

the ability torapidly and accurately change the direction of the whole body in space

Front 45

balance

Back 45

the ability to maintain equilibrium while stationary or moving

Front 46

coordination

Back 46

the ability to use the senses and body parts in order to perform motor tasks smoothly and accurately

Front 47

power

Back 47

the amount of force a muscle can exert

Front 48

reaction time

Back 48

the ability to respond quickly to stimuli

Front 49

speed

Back 49

the amount of time it takes the body to perform specific tasks

Front 50

anatomy

Back 50

the study of the structire of the human body

Front 51

planes (3)

Back 51

-Frontal - divide the body into front and back
-Sagittal - divide the body down the middle
-Transverse - divide the body at the waist

Front 52

Directional Terms (4)

Back 52

Superior - toward the head
Inferior - toward the feet
medial - toward the middle
Lateral - away from the midline toward the sides

Front 53

Joint Motions (6)

Back 53

-Flexion- decrease in joint angle
-Extension- increase in joint angle
-Adduction- mvmt toward the midline of the body
-Abduction- mvmt away from the midline of the body
-Pronation- internal rotation of the forearm and radial jt.
-Supination- outward rotation of the forearm radial jt.

Front 54

fascicles

Back 54

bundles of fibers in skeletal muscle

Front 55

Epimysium

Back 55

connective tissue surrounding the whole muscle

Front 56

Perimysium

Back 56

- connective tissue surrounding fiber bundle

Front 57

Parallel fiber arrangement

Back 57

-muscle fibers aligned parallel to a long axis
-increased ROM and decreased strength
-ex: rectus abdominus and biceps brachii

Front 58

Pennate fiber alignment

Back 58

-muscle fibers are aligned at a small angle along the axis
-decreased ROm and increased strength
-unipennate (semimembranosis, tibailis anterior)
-bipennate (rectus femoris, gastrocs)

Front 59

hypertrophy

Back 59

increased muscle fiber diameter from training

Front 60

atrophy

Back 60

decreased muscle fiber diameter from inactivity

Front 61

eccentric

Back 61

lengthening of muscle finbers

Front 62

concentric

Back 62

shortening of muscle fibers

Front 63

isometric

Back 63

muscle fibers remain at the same length but with resistance

Front 64

muscle inactions

Back 64

muscle fibers same length with no resistance

Front 65

agonist

Back 65

muscle groups that work together during contraction (shortening)

Front 66

antagonist

Back 66

muscle groups that work opposite one another (one lengthens while the other shortens)

Front 67

stabilizer

Back 67

a muscle that contracts with no significant movement to maintain a posture or fixate a joint

Front 68

ROM Principle

Back 68

-less ROM is most effective for low effort (force/speed) activities such as darts and putting
-greater ROM favors maximum efforts related to speed and overall force production such as javelin and pole vault

Front 69

isotonic

Back 69

involve free weights (barbells/dumbells) or machines that utilize eccentric/concentric movement

Front 70

isometric

Back 70

performed against a fixed or immovable resistance

Front 71

isokinetic

Back 71

two way concentric movement (no eccentric) for example a machine that requires you to push one way and pull in the opposite direction

Front 72

Force Motion Principle

Back 72

muscle groups that primarily contribute to the motion of interest whould be trained
-gymanst performing a split (stretching hip adductors while increasing the strength of the hip abductors)
-pitcher throwing a fastball (stretching the pecs while increasing the strength of the shoulder)

Front 73

lordosis

Back 73

is the normal shape of the spine in the lower back and neck; in these two areas a normal spine has a mild backward curve

Front 74

scoliosis

Back 74

a curving of the spine; the spine curves away from the middle or sideways

Front 75

kyphosis

Back 75

a curving of the spine that causes a bowing or rounding of the back, which leads to a hunchback or slouching posture