Foundations In Microbiology Ch1

Front 1

Eukaryote

Back 1

unicellular (microscopic) and multicellular, nucleus
and membrane-bound organelles : protozoa, algae, fungi,
helminthes

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Prokaryote

Back 2

microscopic, unicellular organisms, lack nuclei and
membrane-bound organelles, smaller than eucaryotes

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Virus

Back 3

build from a nucleic acid and protein

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Sterility

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requires the, elimination of all life forms, including endospores and viruses

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Taxonomy

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Study that deals with Organizing, Classifying and
Naming Living Things

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Archaea

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primitive bacteria, Prokaryotic,Lack peptidoglycan in their cell
wall,Live in extreme environments
Include: Methanogens(methane producers), Extreme
halophiles(high salt), Extreme thermophiles(high heat)

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Bacteria

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Prokaryotes, Peptidoglycan cell walls, Binary fission, Live in all environmen

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Eukarya

Back 8

Includes all the organisms that have true nucleus, specialized
organelles with specific functions. such as;Protists, Fungi,Plants, Animals.

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Domain

Back 9

(beginning) its giant category that includes
organisms that share one or
more characteristics

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Kingdom

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Eukarya subdivided, includs Protista, Fungi, Plants, Animals.

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Genus

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when giving microbes two names this is the noun, always capitalized and usually abbreviated. Ex. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)

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Species

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when giving a microbe two names this is the adjective in lowercase. Ex.Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)

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Scientific Method

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A general approach to
explain a natural phenomenon

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Hypothesis

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a tentative explanation for a
given observation, Also referred to as educated guess
It can be supported or refuted by after the conduction
of experiments
Disease is caused by micro organisms

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Bioremediation

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microorganisms are used to clean up toxic
environment. E.g. oil spills, heavy metal , cleaning land fills

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Infectious Disease

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Diseases caused by microorganisms, referred to a pathogens.Nearly 2,000 different microbes cause diseases;Virus, Bacteria, fungus,parasitic worm, Affecting plants, animals and
humans

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Emerging Infectious Disease (EID)

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New diseases or old diseases
that are reappearing. Ex HIV and H1N1

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Biotechnology

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Using micro organisms as tools to produce
biologically important substances for humans. Ex, vinegar & alcohol.

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Biogenesis

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theory; Living organisms arise from preexisting organisms,Bacteria arise from another bacteria,Humans arise from another human

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Abiogenesis or Spontaneous Generation

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theory; Early belief that some forms of life could arise from vital
forces present in nonliving or decomposing matter (flies from
manure, etc) ex.Maggots arising from meat, toads arise from moist soil

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Deduction Method/ Approach

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based on observations. A tentative hypothesis developed,specific results are expected or predicted, if the hypothesis is correct General principles are applied to draw specific
conclusions

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Aseptic Technique

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reduce microbes in medical settings to
prevent infections

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Pathogen

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an microorganism that causes
infection.

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Classification

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orderly arrangement of organisms into groups

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Nomenclature

Back 25

assigning names

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Theory

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When the several hypothesis pertaining to a
given scientific event is proven several times,

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Law

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Theory ultimately becomes law or principle or rule. such as Germ theory of disease.

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Parasite

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derive their nutrients from living
organisms( host) and harm them later, some may be pathogenic.

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Free Living

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A life style;derive their nutrients from nonliving material

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Microscope

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instrument used my Leeuwenhoek to observe living organisms invisible to the naked eye.

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Protozoa

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Single cell that are microscopic
animal like cells
Eukaryotes
Absorb or ingest organic chemicals, May be motile via pseudopods, cilia, or
flagella,Plasmodium, trypanosoma

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Algae

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Plant like cells that are microscopic, Eukaryotes
Cellulose cell walls,Use photosynthesis for energy, Produce molecular oxygen and organic
compounds, Diatoms, Volvox

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Fungi

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Eukaryotes,Chitin cell walls,Use organic chemicals for
energy,Molds and mushrooms are
multicellular consisting of
masses of mycelia,which are composed of
filaments called hyphae

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Helminthes

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parasitic flatworms, round worms. multicelluar animal parasite, eukaryote, adult is visible to the eye but larval stage are not.

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Bionomial nomenclature

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giving microbes two names.

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normal microbiota

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Microbes normally present in and on
the human body. Ex. E.coli in colon, growth factors such as folic acid 7 vitamin K.

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Ubiquitous

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microbes found every where soil air water.