Foundations Exam 3

Front 1

Fall Risk Assessment Tool
p. 728

Back 1

-assigns points for confusion, depression, altered elimination, dizziness, male gender, anticonvulsant/ benzodiazapine therapies, results of "get up and go" test

-score > 5 = high risk for falling

Front 2

restraints= protective devices used to limit the physical activity of the client or a part of the body
p. 737

Back 2

2 reasons restraints are acceptable:

1. to avoid and/or prevent purposeful or accidental harm to the patient

2. to do what is required to administer medication that cannot be administered by any other means

Front 3

"Get up and Go" assessment tool

Back 3

1. observe posture while sitting in straight-back chair

2. ask client to stand- can the client stand using only leg muscles? or need to push self up with hands?

3. does the client sway (standing) with both eyes closed?

4. open eyes, walk 10 ft, turn around, return to chair; observe gait, balance, speed, stability; how smoothly does client turn?

5. when client reaches chair, ask to turn and sit down; how smoothly client performs this motion

Front 4

sebum

Back 4

-an oily substance secreted by the skin

a) softens/ lubricates hair & skin
b) prevents hair from becoming brittle
c) decreases water loss from skin when humidity is low
d) lessens amt of heat lost from skin
e) bacteriacidal action

Front 5

sudoriferous (sweat) glands
p 750

Back 5

-most numerous on palms and soles of feet

-apocrine located in axillae/ anogenital areas= of little use in thermoregulation; stinky

-eccrine palms, soles, forehead= important physiologically- cools the body thru evaporation

Front 6

agents commonly used on the skin

Back 6

1. soap= lower surface tension---cleanse skin; some antibacterials can change the natural flora

2. detergent= used instead of soap---do not use on older adult clients

3. bath oil= used in bathwater---provides an oil layer to skin for hydration and protection

4. skin cream, lotion= provides film on skin to prevent evaporation and therefore chapping

5. powder= absorb water, prevent friction

6. deoderant= masks/ diminish body odors

7. antiperspirant= reduces amt of perspiration

Front 7

alopecia
p 783

Back 7

hair loss

Front 8

pediculosis
p 784

Back 8

infestation w/ lice

Front 9

pruritis

Back 9

severe itching

Front 10

three reasons to brush hair everyday

Back 10

in order for healthy hair, brush daily:

1. stimulates circulation in scalp
2. distributes oil along hair shaft
3. helps arrange the hair

Front 11

seborrhea
p 788

Back 11

dandruff---functional disease of sebaceous glands marked by increase in the amount and often alteration of the quality of the secretions

Front 12

normal movement
p 1123

Back 12

involves four basic elements:

1. body alignment
2. joint mobility
3. balance
4. coordinated movement

Front 13

extensor muscles aka antigravity muscles

Back 13

-abdominal and skeletal muscles function almost continuously, allowing a seated or erect position, despite the constant pulling downward of gravity

-extensor muscles carry the major load as they keep the body upright

Front 14

joints

Back 14

-functional unit of the musculoskeletal system
-bones of the skeleton articulate at joints
-muscles attach to the 2 bones at the joint

-joints named accdg to movement upon contraction:
flexors, extensors, internal rotators, etc

-flexors are stronger than extensors, therefore w/ inactivity muscles are pulled into flexor position (contraction = shortened)

Front 15

balance

Back 15

-involves information input from 1) labyrinth (inner ear), 2) vision, 3) strecth receptors of muscles and tendons

Front 16

coordinated movement

Back 16

= balanced, smooth, purposeful movement is the result of proper functioning of the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and basal ganglia

Front 17

isotonic (dynamic)

Back 17

-muscle shortens/ contracts/ active movement

-most physical conditioning exercises, ADLs, ROM (if initiated by client)

-increase muscle tone, mass, strength

-maintain joint flexibility and circulation

-heart rate and cardiac output increase

Front 18

isometric (static/ setting)

Back 18

-muscle contraction without moving the joint---muscle length does not change

-involve exerting pressure against standing object

-useful for strengthening ab, glutes, quads used in ambulation

-maintaining strength in muscles immobilized by casts

-for endurance training

-mild increase in heart rate/ cardiac output but no appreciable increase in blood flow

Front 19

isokinetic (resistive)

Back 19

-can be isotonic or isometric

=muscle contraction or pressure against resistance

-special machines provides resistance to the pressure

-build up certain muscle groups

-increase blood flow to muscles and increase in BP