Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
hydrophilic headgroups
|
choline
ethanolamine serine glycerol inositol |
|
|
nomenclature for phospholipids
|
phosphatidyl(headgroup)
e.g. phosphatidylcholine |
|
|
phospholipid movements
|
-slow flipping (transbilayer/transverse)
-fast lateral -fast rotational -fast flexing hydrocarbon chains |
|
|
Describe structure of cellular membranes
|
-fluid mosaic model
-hydrophilic headgroup, hydrophobic tails -unsaturated/ saturated fatty acid tails -cholesterol/derivatives |
|
|
Describe function of cellular membranes
|
-fluid mosaic model: signal transduction, energy transduction, protein/lipid synthesis
-compartmentalize cell functns, concentrate enzyme/substrate, orient proteins for interaxn |
|
|
major components of cell membrane
|
-phospholipids
-cholesterol/ derivatives |
|
|
Describe fluid mosaic model
|
-fluid lipid bilayer interspersed with macromolecules such as proteins, cholesterol
-fluidity allows orientation and concentration of proteins for interaction |
|
|
compare/contrast simple vs. facilitated diffusion
|
-simple: nonpolar, uncharged molecule only
-facilitated: protein moves charged/uncharged molecule -both requires movemnt down gradient |
|
|
compare/contrast ion channel vs. ionophore
|
-ionophore: ion complexes w/ txport molecule
-ion channel: pore |
|
|
compare/contrast primary vs. secondary transport
|
-both active transport, against electrochemical gradient
-1': against electrochemical gradient, transporter req ATP directly -2': molecule moving down its gradient drives other molecule to move against its gradient |
|
|
give example of 1' active transport
|
Na+-K+ pump
|
|
|
amino acid uptakes uses what type of transport?
|
2' active transport w/ Na+
|
|
|
proton pump in stomach uses what type of transport?
|
2' active transport w/ K+
|
|
|
fructose uses what type of transport into the apical side of the cell?
|
facilitated diffusion
|
|
|
glucose/galactose uses what type of transport into the apical side of the cell?
|
2' active transport w/ Na+
|
|
|
uptake of fats/lipids uses what type of diffusion?
|
simple diffusion
|
|
|
Write simple eqn for metabolism of substrate by enzyme to make product
|
E+ S<--> ES --> E + P
|
|
|
Importance of Ubiquitination
|
targets proteins for degradation
|
|
|
Importance of Methylation
|
controls CpG islands near gene promoters that regulate transcription
|
|
|
Importance of Acetylation/Deacetylation
|
Deacetylation unwinds chromatin for transcription
|
|
|
Importance of Phosphorylation
|
Important for signal transduction or direct enzyme activation
|
|
|
compare/contrast structure function relationship of Hb & Mb
|
2 structures proteins: globular & fibrous.
-Structure of Hb/Mb is globular. Water soluble, function as catalysts, transporters, regulators of metabolic pathways -Fibrous proteins low water solubility function in structural roles |
|
|
Describe how Bohr effect protons mediate O2 release & delivery
|
More H+ dissociated from H2CO3 pushes the equation to the left towards T form of Hb, releasing O2
|
|
|
Describe how pH regulates O2 binding to Hb
|
more acidic environment, Hb more likely to dissociate O2 (b/c H+ pushes eqn to left, T form)
|
|
|
Describe how O2 binding to Hb is regulated by BPG
|
BPG stabilizes T-Hb, which is the state where Hb has lower affinity for O2, allowing O2 to be delivered to tissues
|
|
|
Discuss mechanism by which Hb transports NO
|
Hb binds to NO to protect it from degradation; when changing to T form, NO is exposed and transferred to glutathione
|
|
|
Discuss the transport of CO2 via carbamino-hemoglobin
|
CO2 binds to NH2 terminal groups of Hb, releasing H+ & stabilizing T-Hb so that O2 released in tissues
|
