Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
The Four Great Masters of the Jin-Yuan Dynasties
|
Liu He-Jian, also known as Liu Wan-su (cool and cold school)
accumulation of qi transforms to heat and fire Zhang Zi-he (The Draining and precipitating school) Li Dong-yuan (Song Dynasty) Earth supplementing school wrote Pí Wèi Lùn – Treatise on the Spleen and Stomach Zhu Dan-xi (Yin-enriching school) |
|
|
Warring States (classical age)
|
Huang Di Nei Jing – Yellow Emperor’s Internal Classic
|
|
|
Hàn Dynasty – Medicine
|
Zhang Zhong-jing (150-219 CE) - author
Shāng Hán Lùn – Treatise on Cold Induced Disease Jīn Guì Yào Lüè Fāng Lùn – Prescriptions from the Golden Chamber Nàn Jīng – Difficult Classic Shén Nóng Běn Cǎo Jīng – Materia Medica Zhen Jiu Ji Yi Jing (The Systematic Classic of Acumoxa) Zhong Zang Jing (The Central Treasury Canon) - Hua Tuo Hua Tuo also named Yuan Hua of Hao county in Anwei province. was the first famous Chinese surgeon. Used anesthesia When using acupuncture and herbs, he preferred simple methods, using a small number of acupuncture points and formulas comprised of only a few herbs. He practiced Chi-kung [Qi Gong] and taught the "frolics of the five animals," a practice still used today. Tiger, Deer, Bear, Ape and Crane |
|
|
Jìn Dynasty – 265-420 CE
|
Mai Jing – The Pulse Canon
|
|
|
Suí Dynasty – 581-618 CE
|
Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun (The Origin and Indicators of Disease) (610 CE)
Written by Chao Yuan-Fang Gives signs, symptoms, and pathomechanisms for hundreds of internal medicine diseases Kind of Merc Manual of TCM |
|
|
Táng Dynasty – 618-907 CE
|
Established center of medical education (Tai Yi Shu- Great Medical School)
Tang Ben Cao- first official pharmacopoeia Qian Jin Yao Fang (Thousand Golden Ducat Prescriptions) written by Sun Si-Miao ~ herb processing & ben cao tradition System of taxation by person rather than by land also implies an incredibly accurate census system |
|
|
Sòng Dynasty – 960-1280 CE
Neo-Confuciansm and Naturalistic Rationalism |
Neo-Confucianism was developed during this time
--- An important part of Neo-Confucianism is the attempt to "repossess the Way“ --- Pursuit of the Way through disciplined self cultivation formed a person's character This was important because it encouraged the nobles to live up to the Confucian ideals by being less selfish Naturalistic rationalism became more widespread --- Rationalism – world can be understood rationally --- Naturalistic – understand by observing nature Supported scientific thinking Blended with Daoist ideas about nature Emphasized secularism (No external God or entity) |
|
|
Sòng Dynasty – 960-1280 CE
Medicine |
Government established an official medical printing house
Published standard editions of - Huang Di Nei Jing – Yellow Emperor’s Internal Classic - Shang Han Lun – Treatise on Cold Induced Disease - Jin Gui Yao Lue Fang Lun – Prescriptions from the Golden Chamber - Nan Jing – Difficult Issues Classic - Zhen Jiu Jia Yi Jing – The Systematic Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion - Qian Jin Yao Fang – Thousand Golden Ducat Prescriptions Song Ben Cao texts contained double the number of medicinals as the Tang Ben Cao Forensic medicine specialty formed --- The Washing Away of Wrongs (1247 CE) Written by Song Chi ; Contained principles for determining cause of death, time of death, etc. Vaccination was used in medical treatment for smallpox Pi Wei Lun (Treatise on the Spleen and Stomach) (1180-1251) Written by Li Dong-Yuan |
|
|
Yuán Dynasty – 1279-1368 CE
|
Dan Xi Xin Fa (Dan-Xi’s Heart Approach) (1481 CE)
Zhu Dan-Xi known as the master of miscellaneous diseases:This text contains many classifications of internal medicine diseases. Dan Xi Zhi Fa Xin Yao (The Heart and Essence of Dan Xi’s Methods of Treatment |
|
|
Míng Dynasty – 1368-1644 CE
|
Ben Cao Gang Mu (Herbal Foundation Compendium), 1596 CE
Written by Li Shi Zhen in 52 volumes; 2,000 medicinals; 11,000 formulas; 1,000 illustrations; 2 million words The most comprehensive book on herbal medicine ever published; A four-decade project in which he searched through the immense history of Chinese herbs and classified the ones that he had found to be reliable and true |
|
|
Qīng Dynasty – 1644-1911 CE
|
Wen Bing Xue Shuo (Warm Disease Theory) (1690-1760)
Yi Lin Gai Cuo (Correction of Errors in Medical Classics) Written by Wang Qing-Ren in 1830 Focused on anatomy Many books published during this period with attempts to clarify and refine previous knowledge Han Shi Yi Tong (Han’s General Survey on Medicine) 1522 Standardized case study reports; The first medical journal was published at the end of the 18th century |
|
|
The Nationalist government(Guo Min Dang) – 1912-1948 CE
|
Tried to abolish traditional medicine in 1929 – Integration of TCM and Western Medicine
Traditional doctors organized politically and kept their right to practice They conceded to study some Western medicine as part of their curriculum |
|
|
Maoist Era (PRC) – 1949-present
|
Encouraged Chinese medicine and Opposed Nationalists
Least expensive means of providing health care to the masses; “The great treasure house of Chinese medicine.” Encouraged independence from European and American power In the 1950’s, four schools of traditional medicine were formed: Bei Jing, Shang Hai, Guang Zhou, Cheng Du Integrated Chinese-Western medicine (Zhong Xi Yi Jie He) |
|
|
Issues and challenges in integration of Chinese medicine into western medical facilities
|
Communication
Mutual respect “Convincing” Western docs and patients Fear of herbal medicine in modern Western medicine Goals for future: Closer collaboration based on objective evidence of patient benefit and economic efficiency |
|
|
Issues in relating to East Asian colleagues
|
Language and cultural barriers
Teacher/student relationships Asian/Western relationships --- “Ownership” of Chinese medicine --- Criticisms of Western practitioners Criticisms of East Asian practitioners |
|
|
Assumptions of Chinese sexual practice
|
Essence is lost through ejaculation
-- Su Nu Jing ---- When essence is emitted, the whole body feels weary ---- The essential teaching is to refrain from losing essence and treasuring one’s fluids -- Penile detumescence (going away of erection) analogous to death -- Wile: ejaculation brings enervation not relaxation, homeostatic holocaust, not emotional catharsis Activation of essence brings qi to the entire body -- Three treasures theory Sexual potency declines with age -- As essence wanes with age -- At forty, yin is halved -- What is lost must be supplemented Sexual energy can transfer from one organism to another Abstinence from intercourse is detrimental except for old people or very skilled adepts Arousal time of men is faster then women The mingling of essences creates new life Sexual compatibility is the foundation of conjugal harmony |
|
|
Heavenly Stems & Earthly Branches
|
The heavenly stems
-- date from the Shang dynasty (1600-1046 BCE); -- They are based on the five elements and the theory of yin and yang -- Each element, starting with wood, has a yin and yang stem. This results in ten stems. Earthly branches -- The twelve branches also stemmed from the Shang dynasty -- One theory is that they are based on the approximately 12 year revolution of Jupiter around the Sun -- fits well into the 12 months of the year and into the 12 two-hour periods of the day -- It is also the basis of the Chinese Horoscope system -- The 10 stems and 12 branches combine to form 60 periods of time. These can be applied to years, months, hours, and even minutes |
|
|
Calendar’s Relation to medicine
|
Many texts including the Nei Jing and Nan Jing discuss the calendar to help determine what the pulse should be, what diseases may be prominent, and appropriate treatment methods
There is a theory in Chinese medicine that at any given moment in time, there are “open” points that are prime points These points are supposed to be needled on everybody and maximize the qi for that treatment |
|
|
Feng Shui
|
involves the proper placement, shape, color and materials of buildings and furnishings to maximize the flow of good qi and minimize evil influences
several common tools including the ba gua (eight trigrams) and the luo pan or compass of which there are several varieties |
