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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Continuity equation for AV |
.785 (LVOT)2 V1 VTI / V2 VTI |
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Aortic Stenosis ranges according to aortic valve area |
Normal = 2.5 - 4.5 cm2 Mild AS = 1.5 - 2.4 cm2 Moderate AS = .75 - 1.4 cm2 Severe AS = less than .75 cm2 |
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How to find AS using mean gradient |
CW tracing of AV VTI |
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AS severity ranges by mean gradient |
Mild AS = less than 20 mmHg Moderate AS = 20 - 50 mmHg Severe AS = more than 50 mmHg |
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How to find AS using peak/max gradient |
Simplified Bernoulli equation 4(V)2 |
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AS severity ranges by peak/max gradient |
Mild AS = 16-36 mmHg Moderate AS = 36-80 mmHg Severe AS = more than 80 mmHg |
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AI jet height formula |
Jet height / LVOT height X 100 |
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AI severity using jet height formula |
Mild AI = less than 30% Moderate AI = 30-50% Severe AI = more than 50% |
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AI deceleration rate formula |
AI jet / decel time |
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AI severity according to deceleration rate formula |
Mild AI = less than 2.0 m/sec2 Moderate AI = 2.0 - 3.5 m/sec2 Severe AI = more than 3.5 m/sec2 |
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How to determine AI flow reversal |
PW trace of flow reversal in SSN |
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Severity of AI based on flow reversal trace |
Greater than 15 cm = moderate to severe AI |
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AI pressure half time formula |
Decel time (0.29) |
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AI severity using pressure half time |
Mild AI = more than 550 msec Moderate AI = 300-550 msec Severe AI = less than 300 msec |
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AI severity based on color flow jet length |
Mild AI = just below valve Moderate AI = at MV leaflet tips Severe AI = at papillary muscle |
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LVEDP formula |
DBP - 4(EDV)2 |
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LVEDP ranges |
Normal = 5-12 mmHg CHF = more than 20 mmHg |
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How to find peak gradient for PS |
Simplified Bernoulli equation 4(V)2 |
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PS severity by peak gradient |
Mild PS = less than 50 mmHg Moderate PS = 50-75 mmHg Severe PS = more than 75 mmHg |
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Pressure half time formula for MS |
220 / pressure half time |
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Decel time formula for MS |
759 / decel time |
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mitral valve area ranges (P1/2time and decel time) |
Normal = 4.0 - 6.0 cm2 Mild MS = 1.5 - 3.9 cm2 Moderate MS = 1.0 - 1.4 cm2 Severe MS = less than 1.0 cm2 |
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How to find MS using mean gradient |
CW trace of MV VTI |
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MS severity using mean gradient |
Mild MS = less than 5 mmHg Moderate MS = 5-12 mmHg Severe MS = more than 12 mmHg |
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MR by color Doppler is measured how? |
Jet width is measured at the Vena Contracta |
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MR by jet width measurements |
Mild MR = 3 mm Severe MR = 6.5 mm |
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MR PISA formula |
1. VFR = 6.28 (r2) V1 2. EROA = VFR / Vmax 3. RV = EROA (MR VTI) |
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MR severity by PISA formula ERO |
Mild MR = less than 20 mm2 Mild-mod MR = 20-29 mm2 Mod-severe MR = 30-39 mm2 Severe MR = 40 mm2 or greater |
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MR severity by PISA formula RVol |
Mild MR = less than 30 mL Mild-mod MR = 30-44 mL Mod-severe MR = 44-59 mL Severe MR = 60 mL or greater |
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TS pressure half time formula |
170 / pressure half time |
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Tricuspid valve area ranges using pressure half time |
Normal = more than 7 cm2 RV impairment = less than 1.5 cm2 |
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TS mean gradient formula |
Simplified Bernoulli 4(V)2 |
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TS ranges by mean gradient |
Pedal edema = more than 10 mmHg Commissurotomy = more than 4 mmHg |
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TR severity by color jet length |
Mild (1+) = just above TV leaflets Mod (2+) = proximal 1/3 of RA Mod/severe (3+) = 1/2 of RA Severe (4+) = bottom of RA filled |
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RVSP formula for PHTN using TR velocity |
4(TR velocity)2 + IVC = RVSP
Complete collapse +5 mmHg Dilated/collapse +10 mmHg Dilated/partial collapse +15 mmHg Dilated/no collapse +20 mmHg |
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PHTN ranges using RVSP |
Normal = 18-30 mmHg Mild PHTN = 31-40 mmHg Mod PHTN = 41-70 mmHg Severe PHTN = more than 70 mmHg |
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RVSP formula for PHTN using end diastolic PI pressure |
4(EDP)2 + IVC = RVSP Complete collapse +5 mmHg Dilated/collapse +10 mmHg Dilated/partial collapse +15 mmHg Dilated/no collapse +20 mmHg |
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Mean PA pressure using RVOT acceleration time formula |
79 - (0.45 x ACT) = mean PA |
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PHTN ranges using RVOT acceleration time formula |
Normal = more than 120 msec Mild PHTN = 80-120 msec Moderate PHTN = 60-80 msec Severe PHTN = less than 60 msec |
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PHTN using mean PA pressure formula |
4(peak PI)2 |
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PHTN ranges using mean PA pressure |
Normal = 25 mmHg Mild PHTN = 25-34 mmHg Mod. PHTN = 34-44 mmHg Severe PHTN = more than 44 mmHg |
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CW Doppler assessment of PA pressure formula |
4(V)2 |
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PHTN ranges by CW Doppler assessment |
Normal = less than 30 mmHg Mild PHTN = 30-40 mmHg Mod. PHTN = 40-70 mmHg Severe PHTN = more than 70 mmHg |
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Dimensionless index formula for mechanical AV |
LVOT VTI / AV VTI |
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Ranges for mechanical AV using dimensionless index |
Normal = 0.35-0.5 Stenotic = less than .3 |
