Formal Logic

Front 1

All Xs are Ys

Back 1

X→Y

Front 2

Xs are all Ys

Back 2

X→Y

Front 3

Every X is a Y

Back 3

X→Y

Front 4

Any X must also be Y

Back 4

X→Y

Front 5

Each X is Y

Back 5

X→Y

Front 6

When X happens, so does Y

Back 6

X→Y

Front 7

Y happens whenever X happens

Back 7

X→Y

Front 8

X happens only if Y does

Back 8

X→Y

Front 9

Only Ys can be Xs

Back 9

X→Y

Front 10

X depends on Y

Back 10

X→Y

Front 11

X requires Y

Back 11

X→Y

Front 12

X needs Y

Back 12

X→Y

Front 13

X causes Y

Back 13

X→Y

Front 14

X leads to Y

Back 14

X→Y

Front 15

X produces Y

Back 15

X→Y

Front 16

No X without Y

Back 16

X→Y

Front 17

No X unless Y

Back 17

X→Y

Front 18

No X until Y

Back 18

X→Y

Front 19

No X except with Y

Back 19

X→Y

Front 20

X never happens unless Y does

Back 20

X→Y

Front 21

X never happens until Y does

Back 21

X→Y

Front 22

X never happens without Y

Back 22

X→Y

Front 23

X never happens except when Y does

Back 23

X→Y

Front 24

X guarantees Y

Back 24

X→Y

Front 25

Y is guaranteed by X

Back 25

X→Y

Front 26

X ensures Y

Back 26

X→Y

Front 27

Y is ensured by X

Back 27

X→Y

Front 28

Being X confers Y

Back 28

X→Y

Front 29

Performing X entails completing step Y

Back 29

X→Y

Front 30

Y occurs due to X

Back 30

X→Y

Front 31

X is always accompanied by Y

Back 31

X→Y

Front 32

X is Y

Back 32

X→Y

Front 33

Xs are Ys

Back 33

X→Y

Front 34

X must be Y

Back 34

X→Y

Front 35

X has to be Y

Back 35

X→Y

Front 36

X will bring about Y

Back 36

X→Y

Front 37

Y will happen if X does

Back 37

X→Y

Front 38

Xs cannot be Y

Back 38

X→~Y

Front 39

X precludes Y

Back 39

X→~Y

Front 40

Xs prohibits Ys

Back 40

X→~Y

Front 41

X is never Y

Back 41

X→~Y

Front 42

No X is Y

Back 42

X→~Y

Front 43

None of the Xs are Ys

Back 43

X→~Y

Front 44

Never both X and Y

Back 44

X→~Y

Front 45

X forbids Y

Back 45

X→~Y

Front 46

X is inconsistent with Y

Back 46

X→~Y

Front 47

X and Y are mutually incompatible

Back 47

X→~Y

Front 48

Xs cannot go to party Y

Back 48

X→~Y

Front 49

X won't Y

Back 49

X→~Y

Front 50

X prevents Y

Back 50

X→~Y

Front 51

Y can't be where X is

Back 51

X→~Y

Front 52

X won't share with Y

Back 52

X→~Y

Front 53

Either X or Y

Back 53

~X→Y

Front 54

At least one of X and Y

Back 54

~X→Y

Front 55

Y happens unless X does

Back 55

~X→Y

Front 56

Y keeps going until X does

Back 56

~X→Y

Front 57

Without X, there must be Y

Back 57

~X→Y

Front 58

They're all Ys except the Xs

Back 58

~X→Y

Front 59

Only/only if

Back 59

Then

Front 60

Always

Back 60

Then

Front 61

Unless

Back 61

If not

Front 62

Except

Back 62

If not

Front 63

Without

Back 63

If not

Front 64

Until

Back 64

If not

Front 65

Forbids

Back 65

Then not

Front 66

Prevents

Back 66

Then not

Front 67

Excludes

Back 67

Then not

Front 68

Precludes

Back 68

Then not