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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what resources are used in competition?
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-food, nesting sites, or shelter
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basic principles of change in forest ecosystems
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1. basic concepts
2. site factors 3. biotic interactions 4. historical factors |
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tolerant
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(k-strategies)(k-selected)
=stress and shade tolerant, long lived, determinant growth, low productivity, seed reproduction |
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factors influencing later successional changes
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-growth rate
-competition -stress tolerance -longevity/mortality -later stage recruitment -site changes |
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basic concepts
environment can be divided into 2 distint facets |
1. biotic
2. abiotic |
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2 factors influencing species establishment?
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1. are reproductive propagules present?
2. can/will they germinate and survive? |
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stolan/rhizome
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stolan-above ground roots
rhizome- below ground roots |
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competition
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(negative interaction)
-interaction at a cost to both species -occurs when two species are attempting to use the same resource which is of limited supply |
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growth rate
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-growth rates fast growing species will dominate early
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longevity/mortality
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-death due to:
insects disease random disturbances effects of animals environmental extremes |
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historical factors of a site(of a disturbance)
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-severity
-frequency -seasonality -variablity |
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competition
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-r-strategies will initially be superior
-k-strategies grow slower but tolerate stress and live longerand in time become superior |
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succession
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=changes in communities over time
-forest from a juvenille to mature state -abiotic and biotic factors are involved |
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describe successional patterns?
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-they are complex and variable, depending on many factors
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what other factors of autecology are important?
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-site factors
-site history -disturbance frequency is important in all successional stages |
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what do individual species play a major role in?
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-in the population dynamics
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abiotic
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non-living parameters
(temp, light...) |
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mutualism
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=giving something to a tree and vice versa, benefiting each other
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niche
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-everything in the environment a tree needs to live
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stress tolerance
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-on poor sites, stress tolerant species will eventually dominate
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ruderal
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(r-strategies)(r-selected)
=species come in quickly and take over, short lived, indeterminant growth, shade and stress intolerant, high productivity, vegetative reproduction |
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which type of competition is stronger?
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intra-specific is stronger than inter-specific
intra- within same species inter- 2 different species |
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2 types of succession
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1. primary- large area without vegetation ex. glaciers
2. secondary- existed ecosystem that was disturbed ex. by fire |
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autecology
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=understanding how species respond to (a)biotic stresses
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stages of succession
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-stand inititation stage
-stem exclusion stage -understory reinitiation stage -disturbance -accelerated succession stage |
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positive interactions (symbiotic)
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-mutualism
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changes occuring in forest ecosystems include
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1. changes in biological organisms that make up the community
2. change in physical structure of the forest 3. change in abiotic components of the ecosystem |
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site factors
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-abiotic and biotic aspects of the environment determine which species occupy a certain space
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biotic
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-other living organisms
(competition, mutualism) |
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2 types of biotic interactions
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1. positive interactions (symbiotic)
2. negative interactions |
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negative interactions
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-parasitism and predation- one organism utilized by another as their energy source
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2 life history strategies from a population ecology approach to succession
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1. ruderal
2. tolerant |
