Forestry- #5 Forest Fire

Front 1

The three elements required for a fire to exist are ___________, _________, and __________. These elemts make up the "fire triangle". A base chemical reaction is needed to start the fire if any of these elements is removed, the fire will go out.

Back 1

Fuel, Heat and Oxygen

Front 2

Different tyoes of fires can occur in a forest. _______________ ____________ is a planned application of fire to natural fuels. When it is confined to a specific area, it can be called ______________ ______________.

Back 2

Broadcast Burning and Controlled Burning

Front 3

Planning to set the fire when the conditions will create a specific outcome, such as the elimination of a particular type of fuel is called ___________________ ______________.

Back 3

Prescribed Burning

Front 4

An area with uniform conditions of tree stands and fuel that is treated with one type of burn is a ______________ ____________

Back 4

Burning Block

Front 5

A modified form of broadcast burning is ________ __________, where slash is piled into small areas, and only those spots are allowed to burn.

Back 5

Spot Burning

Hint 5

Front 6

An unplanned and uncontrolled fire is a _________________, which can be started by natural or human means.

Back 6

Wildfire

Hint 6

Front 7

A fire started unlawfully with the intent to burn properly is an _____________ ________.

Back 7

Incendiary Fire

Front 8

Fire behavior is influenced by topography, weather, and fuel type; these three factors make up the "fire behavior triangle". Fuel types vary, from grass, leaves, and moss that ignite readily and are consumed rapidly when dry ( ___________ __________), to large wood pieces that burn slowly ( ___________ __________), to foilage, twigs, and small branches that are not contact with the ground (__________ __________).

Back 8

Flash Fuels, Heavy Fuels, and Aerial Fuels

Front 9

Weather conditions such as wind, temperature, and humidity occur in such combinations at certain yes of the year that make fires likely to occur, spread, and do damage to forest value. This time of the year it is called the ____________ ____________.

Back 9

Fire Season

Front 10

Within a 24 hour period there are hours (10 am to sundown) when fire spreads most rapidly, a ____________ _____________.

Back 10

Burning Period

Front 11

Information about weather and fuels can be translated into one number that defines the probable ease of ignition of a fire and its behavior. This number is a ___________ ___________, which can be described in general _________ _____________ categories, such as "severe", or "low".

Back 11

Burning Index and Fire Danger

Front 12

Fires are not always confined to trees. The uppermost layer of soil and/or surface organic matter ( _____________) can catch on fire, creating a ________________ _________, which can burn unnoticed and even burn under ground, consuming roots as well.

Back 12

Litter and Ground Fire

Front 13

Sometimes fires get so hot near the ground that the heat alone kills foliage above without any signs of charing or browning. This damage is called __________ ________.

Back 13

Heat Kill

Front 14

All activities concerned in the protection of a forest from fire is called _________ ____________, and includes prevention, pre-suppression, detection, and suppression.

Back 14

Fire Control

Front 15

One method of fire detection is to assign a person (a fire _______________) to detect and report forest fires from a vantage point, such as the top of a mountain.

Back 15

Lookout

Front 16

Fire suppression is the act of controlling a fire once it starts. Any natural or man made barrier to stop the spread of fire is a _______ _______ or ________ ____________.

Back 16

Fire Line or Fire Break

Front 17

Heavy material can be used to dig down to mineral soil, and can be used as a control line from which fire fighters can work. Often a fire is set against the control line, a _____________, to consume the fuel in the path of a forest fire and/ or to change the direction of the fire.

Back 17

Backfire

Front 18

The front edge of a fire is the ________, the sides of the fire, roughly parallel to the direction of spread, are the ___________, and the back portion is the _____________.

Back 18

Head, Flanks, and Heel

Front 19

________________ ______ after a fire involves making a fire safrme after it has been controlled, and can include extinguishing or removing burning material along or near the control line, feeling snags, or digging trenches to prevent logs from rolling out of the burned area.

Back 19

Mopping Up