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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hardwood
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angiosperm (flowering trees)
furniture, fuel |
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softwood
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gymnosperms (conifer trees)
building, paper |
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bark
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protection
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phloem
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(inner bark(
vascular system, transport sap |
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cambium
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lateral meristem, produce phloem (outside) and sapwood (inside)
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sapwood
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vascular system, transport water
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heartwood
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dead sapwoord
plant support |
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silviculture
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cultivation of trees
-tree composition -structure -facilitate harvesting -stand density -conservation |
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where would you most liekly find an even aged forest stand
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plantation
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where would you find an unever aged stand
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natural forest
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single tree selection
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close to native forestry
-minimize disturband cutting mimics natural disturbance |
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group tree selection
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mimics larger distrubance
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shelterwood
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more cut than single tree selection
used to reseed and protect seedling |
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seed-tree
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more trees cut than shelterwood
-little shelter enough left to re-seed area -natural regeneration |
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clearcut
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all trees removed
-mimics natrual disturbance |
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hat are the characteristics of an old-growth forest
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-large trees
-standing dead trees -prone dead trees -canopy gaps -uneven age class |
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What do we mean by improving horizontal forest structure
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change in tree species compostition
manages forest to improve biodiversity -acceptance of natural disturbance -advance planning -understory planning |
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What do we mean by improving vertical forest structure
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change in age classes
Improve structure -acceptance of natural disturbance -selective cutting system -continuous forest management |
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what did athens look like around 100 years ago
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few forests
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