Forensics Exam 2

Front 1

Age at Death

Back 1

1. subadult- growth
2. adult- deterioration- less precise and more error

Front 2

Pubic Symphysis Aging

Back 2

one of the more accurate.

Front 3

Todd 1920

Back 3

he noticed the pubic symphysis wore down with age. had a 10 phase system

Front 4

McKern and Stewart 1957

Back 4

Not used much. Scoring system

Front 5

Suchey 1980s

Back 5

took Todd's methods and changed it to 6 phases. This is used mostly

Front 6

Auricular Surface Aging

Back 6

Lovejoy- mid 80s- young person has ridges by the time your older less. Texture goes from fine grain to a course grain. Early years not very porous but latter years porous.

Front 7

Ribo

Back 7

Iscan et al. mid 80s. Ribs wear down with age. The 4th rib is used the most. This can be used to age older people better. Can't really determine age with over 65.

Front 8

Cranial Suture Closeup

Back 8

close tightly and begin to close tightly with age disappearing . Not very precise but used alot in 50s- 70s. Lovejoy in 80s came up with study to still use this. Still not very precise but used if last resort. Variability with suture closures and not much is understood with when and why they close for different people.

Front 9

Palate Sutures

Back 9

this can give a broad range of age. Fuse during early adulthood. Not very precise. Bob Mann.

Front 10

Dental Attrition

Back 10

Shows the wear of the teeth. Depends on environment and diet. Need to know your population. Its population specific.Gustafson did study showing root translo
-Ellis Kerley- looked at the osteon, which is the bone remodelling fragments, looking at a thin section of in histology lab. Fairly precise aging technique. Certain diseases can affect the osteons and change the real age look. Varies on bone you use and its destructive.

Front 11

Attribution of Sex

Back 11

Accuracy with full skeleton 90-100%
--with long bones- 90%accurate
--with skull 80-90% accurate

difficult to determine a child if male or female.

Front 12

Sexual Differences in the ilium

Back 12

The female sciatic notch widens as the hips tend to flare outward and develop a groove or sulcus, anterior and inferior to the auricular surface. The presence of a preauricular sulcus is usually associated with the trauma of childbirth. The male sciatic notch is narrow.

Front 13

males

Back 13

-high, vertical ilium
-heart shaped pelvic inlet
-narrow rectangular pubic shape
-v shaped acute sub-pubic angle
-ischio-pubic rami broad-flat
-large, ovoid obturator foramen
-narrow greater sciatic notch
-absent pre-auricular sulcus (more common)
-narrow sacrum
-sub-pubic concavity absent
-

Front 14

females

Back 14

-oval shaped pelvic inlet
-rectangular pubis shape
-obtuse sub- pubic angle
- triangular and smaller obturator foramen
-ischio-public ramis ridge present
-sub-pubic concavity present
-wide greater sciatic notch
-present pre-auricular sulcus (more common
-wide sacrum

Front 15

TW Phenice

Back 15

1969, 3 traits 95% accurate
-ventral arch
-medial aspect of the ischiopubic ramus
-subpubic concavity

Front 16

Sexual Differences in the pubis

Back 16

Male- narrower and subpubic angle is more acute.
Female- appears to have been stretched toward the midline. Subpubic

Front 17

Scars of parturition

Back 17

pitting on dorsal surface of pubis
-males=typically absent
-females=more often present
an okay indicator of sex, not reliable indicator of parturition

Front 18

Anthropometrics

Back 18

-ischiopubic index- pubis length x 100. ishium length

-cranial measurements- Giles and Elliot 1963
-post-cranial
- multiple long bones- high accurate
-single long bone- accuracy depends on bone.

Front 19

Scars of parturition

Back 19

pitting on dorsal surface of pubis
-males=typically absent
-females=more often present
an okay indicator of sex, not reliable indicator of parturition

Front 20

Sex from the skull
male and female

Back 20

male- large, prjecting mastoid
-large browridge
-sloped frontal
rugged with hood nuchale area
rounded supraorbital margin
broad chin

female- smalle, non projecting mastoid
-small, none browridge
-high rounded
-smooth frontal
-supraorbital margin sharp
-chin pointed

Front 21

Anthropometrics

Back 21

-ischiopubic index- pubis length x 100. ishium length

-cranial measurements- Giles and Elliot 1963
-Today we use University of TN Data Bank- FORDISC- for looking at cranial measurements
-post-cranial
- multiple long bones- high accurate
-single long bone- accuracy depends on bone.

Front 22

Sex from the skull
male and female

Back 22

male- large, prjecting mastoid
-large browridge
-sloped frontal
-nuchale area- rugged with hook
-supraorbital margin- rounded
-broad chin

female- smalle, non projecting mastoid
-small, none browridge
-high rounded
-smooth frontal
-supraorbital margin sharp
-chin pointed

Front 23

Sex estimation

Back 23

-Pelvis is best indicator
-Differences due to sexual dimorphism and activity

Front 24

Sex determination in sub-adults

Back 24

-only 70%
-no acceptable standards
-generally not attempted for individuals <18 years of age.
-Studies have tried looking at Sciatic notch, auricular surface ( elevated vs. raised), mandible, dental size, and eruption standards

Front 25

Ancestry Estimation

Back 25

-Most difficult, least accurate, 80-85%
-You have to have a skull with face in order to see this.
-do this anthroposcopic or metric. Metric is looked at thru data bank

Front 26

Morphology ( Anthroscopic Traits) Ancestry: Cranial

Back 26

table 7.2

Front 27

Metric ancestry

Back 27

- Giles and Elliot (1962) - Discriminant functions
-FORDISC- forensic data bank- most accurate.

Front 28

Antemortem Conditions
Importance

Back 28

helps to identify an individual.
helps to find cause or manner of death. and rule out

Front 29

Body Weight from bone
study she found

Back 29

study used bone from the body farm to the bass collection. looked at body weight extremes by checking for arthritis,
-dish (diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis) shows irregular ossifications.
-measured bone density
-looked at cross sectional measurements
- had arthritis in tibia and dish on vertebrae.
width measurements at proximal and distal femur.

Front 30

Pathology history

Back 30

originated in late 1700s, but not a distinct discipline until early 1900s.
-1910- March Armand Ruffer (Eqyptian mummies) studied diseases.
-1930- Earnest a Hooten (Pecos Pueblo) Epidemiological approach. looked for evidence of disease on more than one. Took a population approach.

Front 31

Methodological Limitations
Difficulties

Back 31

-many diseases leave no effect on bone
-many diseases leave similar effects on bone;
-etiology/cause of disease is not necessarily the cause of death.

Front 32

Antemortem Conditions
Importance

Back 32

helps to identify an individual.
helps to find cause or manner of death. and rule out

Front 33

infectious Diseases

Back 33

-Endemic and venereal syphilis, yaws, pinta
-similar skeletal effects
-differentiated by geographic and clinical means

Front 34

Body Weight from bone
study she found

Back 34

study used bone from the body farm to the bass collection. looked at body weight extremes by checking for arthritis,
-dish (diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis) shows irregular ossifications.
-measured bone density
-looked at cross sectional measurements
- had arthritis in tibia and dish on vertebrae.
width measurements at proximal and distal femur.

Front 35

Antemortem Conditions
Importance

Back 35

helps to identify an individual.
helps to find cause or manner of death. and rule out

Front 36

Pathology history

Back 36

originated in late 1700s, but not a distinct discipline until early 1900s.
-1910- March Armand Ruffer (Eqyptian mummies) studied diseases.
-1930- Earnest a Hooten (Pecos Pueblo) Epidemiological approach. looked for evidence of disease on more than one. Took a population approach.

Front 37

Body Weight from bone
study she found

Back 37

study used bone from the body farm to the bass collection. looked at body weight extremes by checking for arthritis,
-dish (diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis) shows irregular ossifications.
-measured bone density
-looked at cross sectional measurements
- had arthritis in tibia and dish on vertebrae.
width measurements at proximal and distal femur.

Front 38

Methodological Limitations
Difficulties

Back 38

-many diseases leave no effect on bone
-many diseases leave similar effects on bone;
-etiology/cause of disease is not necessarily the cause of death.

Front 39

infectious Diseases

Back 39

-Endemic and venereal syphilis, yaws, pinta
-similar skeletal effects
-differentiated by geographic and clinical means

Front 40

Antemortem Conditions
Importance

Back 40

helps to identify an individual.
helps to find cause or manner of death. and rule out

Front 41

Pathology history

Back 41

originated in late 1700s, but not a distinct discipline until early 1900s.
-1910- March Armand Ruffer (Eqyptian mummies) studied diseases.
-1930- Earnest a Hooten (Pecos Pueblo) Epidemiological approach. looked for evidence of disease on more than one. Took a population approach.

Front 42

Methodological Limitations
Difficulties

Back 42

-many diseases leave no effect on bone
-many diseases leave similar effects on bone;
-etiology/cause of disease is not necessarily the cause of death.

Front 43

Body Weight from bone
study she found

Back 43

study used bone from the body farm to the bass collection. looked at body weight extremes by checking for arthritis,
-dish (diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis) shows irregular ossifications.
-measured bone density
-looked at cross sectional measurements
- had arthritis in tibia and dish on vertebrae.
width measurements at proximal and distal femur.

Front 44

infectious Diseases

Back 44

-Endemic and venereal syphilis, yaws, pinta
-similar skeletal effects
-differentiated by geographic and clinical means

Front 45

Pathology history

Back 45

originated in late 1700s, but not a distinct discipline until early 1900s.
-1910- March Armand Ruffer (Eqyptian mummies) studied diseases.
-1930- Earnest a Hooten (Pecos Pueblo) Epidemiological approach. looked for evidence of disease on more than one. Took a population approach.

Front 46

Methodological Limitations
Difficulties

Back 46

-many diseases leave no effect on bone
-many diseases leave similar effects on bone;
-etiology/cause of disease is not necessarily the cause of death.

Front 47

infectious Diseases

Back 47

-Endemic and venereal syphilis, yaws, pinta
-similar skeletal effects
-differentiated by geographic and clinical means