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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Whats in blood?
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plasma (liquid portion)
erythrocytes (red blood cells) leukrocytes (white blood cells) clotting factors dissolved gasses, sugar, protein, hormones, salts, etc. |
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Erythrocytes
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carry oxygen and Co2
contain hemoglobin have no nuclei. can't replicate. have short lives made in bone marrow |
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Leukocytes
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fight disease
(invaders like viruses, bacteria, and parasites) (kill cancer cells) Includes: B cells, T cells, & Macrophages Made in bone marrow |
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B Cells form a clone army
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make antibodies
destroy invaders like bacteria, viruses, parasites |
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Memory B
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cells live for decades, may provide lifetime immunity
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T Cells are attack cells
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Blow up cancer cells and cells infected with virus and bacteria
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Helper T Cells
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Attach to a marked cell and calls for help
Calls for T cells to come and destroy invader Signals the B cells to form a clone army |
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How does bleeding stop?
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Blood vessel wall spasms, slows down the blood flow
Fibrin fibers from a mesh with the sticky platelets Bleeding stops |
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Luminol
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Presumptive test for blood
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A
B AB O |
A- donate to A and AB
B- donate to B and AB AB- donate to AB O- A, B, AB, O (universal) |
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What are platelets & fibrinogen?
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It forms clots and stops bleeding
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What are cytotoxic T cells?
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Destroy cancerous & infected cells
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What are Antibodies?
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Y shaped proteins that deactivate viruses, bacteria, etc.
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Kastle-Meyer Color Test
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Phenolphthalein indicator
Hemoglobin has peroxidase - like action (speed up oxidation) |
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Phenolphthalein Test
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colorless phenolphthalein indicator turns hot pink in contact with blood and iron
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Precipitin Test
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test used to make human anti-serum to test questioned blood (determine if human or animal blood)
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Types of Bloodstains
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Transfer - off a hand that came in contact with blood
Drip - off murder weapon or person Projected - gun shot (a lot of impact) |
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Blood Spatters
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Smooth Surface - more uniform and regular shape
Rough Surface - make an irregular shape and will have jagged edges |
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Direction of Blood Stains
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Perpendicular - stain is circular
Less than 90 degrees - elongated Pointed end of bloodstain (tail) will always point to the direction of travel |
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Impact Spatters
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Low Force Impact Spatters - large, circular, 4 mm in diameter
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