Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Testimonial evidence vs. Physical Evidence |
Testimonial: a statement made under oath; also known as direct evidence or Prima Facie evidence
Physical: any object or material that is relevant in a crime; also known as indirect evidence. Examples are hair, fiber, finger prints, documents, blood, soil, drugs, tool marks, impressions, glass, phone records |
|
|
Class Evidence vs. Individual evidence |
Class: common to a group of objects or persons
Individual: can be identifies with a particular person or a single source |
|
|
What is Ballistics? |
the study of projectiles, weapons, bombs, shrapnel |
|
|
What types of crimes can forensic science be used to solve? |
forgeries, murder, rape, robberies, identify suspects, reconstruct a crime scene |
|
|
Types of physical evidence |
-Transient evidence: temporary; easily changed or lost; usually observed by the first officer at the scene -pattern evidence: produced by direct contact between a person and an object or between 2 objects -Conditional evidence: produced by a specific event or action, important in crime scene reconstruction an in determining the set of circumstances or sequence within a particular event Transfer evidence- produced by contact between person(s) or object(s) or between person(s) and person(s) |
|
|
Define Evidence |
the available body of facts or information indicating whether a belief or proposition is true or valid. |
|
|
Chain of Custody |
-There must be a written record of all people who have had possession of an item of evidence -the evidence container must be marked for identification -the collector's initials should be placed on the seal -if evidence is turned over to another person, the transfer must be recorded |
|
|
Observation vs. Inference |
observation is using one or more of your senses to gather information, and inference is a logical interpretation based on prior knowledge and experience |
|
|
Reconstruction of a crime scene |
-data collection -hypothesis formation -examination, testing, and analysis -determination of the significance of the evidence -theory formation |
|
|
Ronald Cotton Case and it's importance |
Witnesses can have their views easily changed, and when picking in a line-up, when they were told that they were right, their views changed |
|
|
"CSI Effect" and its affect on the judicial system |
Negatives: it makes jurors biased thinking they know more, unrealistic ideas of what criminal science can deliver, makes it more difficult for them to win convictions in the large majority of cases in which scientific evidence is irrelevant or absent Positives: helps draw more students into the forensic field, convince people not to commit crimes |
|
|
Locard Exchange Principle |
Whenever 2 objects come into contact with each other, traces of each are exchanged |
|
|
Documenting a crime scene |
-notes: date and time, description of the location, weather and environmental conditions, description of the crime, location of the evidence relative to other key points, names of all involved, modifications that have occurred and other relevant information -Photography: photos of scene and surroundings, mid-range to close-up photos with various angles or each piece of evidence, photos as viewed by witness -Sketches: inclusions of date, time,scale,reference points, distance measurements, names of investigators, victims, suspects, and a key -Videography: allow narration (non subjective) to be included |
|
|
Processing a crime scene |
-isolate and secure the scene -document the scene -search for evidence -collect and package evidence, maintaining the chain of custody -submit evidence to the crime lab |
