Forensic Psychology

Front 1

Robert Hare's definition of psychopathy

Back 1

intraspecies predators

lack consciousness or remorse for their actions

think of others in a utilitarian fashion

Front 2

what were psychopaths defined by in the 18th and 19th century

Back 2

moral insanity -> an inability to recognize the difference between right and wrong

Front 3

Hervey Cleckley

Back 3

wrote mask of sanity 1941

created a criteria to diagnose psychopaths

emphasized lack of other mental illnesses

didn't agree with the medical definition of psychopathy

first time the term psychopathy was specifically used

Front 4

Robert Hare

Back 4

wrote without conscience 1993

conceptualized psychopathy as a personality disorder

developed verified measure of psychopathy

Front 5

sociopath

Back 5

cause is due to nurture

Front 6

psychopath

Back 6

cause is due to nature

Front 7

Antisocial personality disorder

Back 7

captures 99.9% of psychopaths

only need to fit 3 of the criteria to be labelled as APD

60-80% of forensic population falls into APD

10-25% of forensic population are psychopaths

Front 8

PCL-R

Back 8

checklist created by Robert Hare

20 items, score each from 0-2

based on cleckley's conception of a psychopath

possible score of 40, over 30 means you are a psychopath

Front 9

Wilson, Demetrioff & Porter study

looking at social memory with undergraduates

Back 9

show students pictures of people, describe their traits

measured empathy

lower score -> more psychopathic

results: psychopaths remembered unhappy & unsuccessful the best

Front 10

Rice et al (1992)

Back 10

based on community therapy of penintenguiseen

80 hrs of group therapy per week

10 year follow up

results:

recidivism of psychopaths with treatment was higher than without treatment

recidivism reduced in non-psychopaths

Front 11

goal of community therapy

Back 11

want inmates to have genuine encounters

be able to recognize humanity of others

Front 12

total encounter capsule

Back 12

4-8 men sat naked on the floor daily for 8 hours in 8ft by 10ft room for 4 weeks

injected with LSD and amphetamines

put in solitary confinement before entering capsule

take away: psychopaths can't be treated, it made it worse

Front 13

oakridge class action

Back 13

action suit against the total encounter capsule

Front 14

section 753 of the criminal code

Back 14

used to define someone as a serious offender

must exhibit:

1. pattern of repetitive behaviour

2. patter of persistant aggression

3. behaviour associated with an offence they have been convicted of

Front 15

reverse onus

Back 15

when a dangerous offender has the onus to prove that they aren't dangerous anymore

Front 16

Salekin (2002)

Back 16

believed psychopathy was untreatable or nearly untreatable

did a meta-analysis of 42 studies

- 22 used cleckley conceptualization

- 4 used Hare

- 2 used rice et al

Front 17

best therapies of the salekin study

Back 17

cognitive-behavioural (accepting, neutral therapy)

Front 18

worst therapy of the salekin study

Back 18

community and ECT

Front 19

What did Salekin say about rice et al's study

Back 19

their should have been higher improvement for psychopaths without treatment

believed rice et als control treatment improvement was too low

Front 20

Yerkes-dodson law

Back 20

correlation between childhood abuse and response to threat

after a peak amount of abuse, the response to threat starts to decrease

can occur in neural connection or behaviour

Front 21

how is psychopathy correlated with anxiety and depression

Back 21

negative correlation

Front 22

what is more accepted, nature or nurture arguments

Back 22

nature

Front 23

lykken study of biological aspects

Back 23

psychopaths show decreased skin response to shock

Front 24

self-reported psychopathy scale

Back 24

measures 4 factors

1. erratic lifestyle

2. callous affect

3. interpersonal manipulation

4. criminal tendencies

Front 25

faint hope clause

Back 25

have a judicial hearing to request early parole after serving 15 years for 1st or 2nd degree murder

Front 26

Bill C-48

Back 26

allows judges to give consecutive life sentences to individuals convicted of multiple murders

Front 27

response modulated affect

Back 27

psychopaths fail to use contextual cues that contribute to dominant responses that modulate their behaviour

Front 28

two components of risk assessment

Back 28

prediction

managemnet

Front 29

predictions of risk assessment

Back 29

probability that individual will commit future crimes

Front 30

management of risk assessment

Back 30

develop treatment to reduce likelihood of reoffence

Front 31

Smith vs. Jones (1999)

Back 31

court lawed that in cases where there is a clear, imminent danger, public safety outweighs solicitor-client privilege

Front 32

true positive

Back 32

correct prediction that they will reoffend

Front 33

true negative

Back 33

correct prediction that they wont reoffend

Front 34

false positive

Back 34

predict they will reoffend but they dont

Front 35

false negative

Back 35

predict they wont reoffend but they do

Front 36

Monahan and Steadmans 3 main weaknesses of research on predictive violence

Back 36

1. limited number of risk factors studied

2. how criterion variable is measured

3. how criterion variable is defined

Front 37

Chapman and Chapman illusory correlation

Back 37

belief that a correlation between 2 events is, in reality, non-existent or less than expected

Front 38

unstructured clinical judgement

Back 38

risk assessment with substantial professional discretion and lack of guidelines

risk assessment varies between clinicians

Front 39

actuarial prediction

Back 39

risk factors are pre-selected and combined using a statistical association with a specific outcome

Front 40

structured professional judgement

Back 40

pre-determined list of risk factors selected from research and professional literature

Front 41

skeem and Monahan (2011) four components of violence-risk assessment

Back 41

1. identify emperically valid risk factors

2. determine method for measuring risk factors

3. establish a procedure to combine scores on risk factors

4. produce an estimation of violence risk

actuarial is the only method that does all 4

Front 42

static risk

Back 42

factors that dont fluctuate overtime

Front 43

dynamic risk

Back 43

fluctuate over time, can change

Front 44

historical risk

Back 44

events experienced in the past

Front 45

dispositional risk

Back 45

describe the persons traits, tendencies, style

Front 46

clinical risk

Back 46

symptoms of mental disorders that contribute to violence

Front 47

contextual risk

Back 47

aspects of the individuals current environment

Front 48

monahans 4 risk factors for predicting terrorism

Back 48

1. ideology

2. affliciton

3. grievances

4. moral emotions