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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Define Psychopathy |
Personality disorder defined by a collection of interpersonal, affective, and behavioural characteristics |
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How is Psychopathy assessed? Explain the process |
Psychopathy Checklist (Revised) 20 item rating scale assessing the interpersonal, affective, and behavioural features of psychopathy. A score of 30+ equals psychopath, 20-29 equals psychopathic tendencies, and 0-19 is "normal". |
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List the most common behaviour of a psychopath during an interrogation |
Tries to outwit interrogator Being the focus of attention Control the interrogation Not fooled by bluffs Attempts to shock |
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List the suggestions to interview a psychopathic suspect |
Case familiarity Convey experience and confidence Show liking or admiration Avoid criticism Avoid conveying emotion |
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Define an Expert Witness |
Witness who provides the court with information that assists the court in understanding an issue of relevance to the case. |
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What must an expert witness know before becoming an expert witness? (3) |
The functions of an expert witness (Info and Opinion) Differences between their field of expertise and the law The criteria for accepting expert testimony
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Differences between Psychology and the Law: Knowledge |
Psych: Resesrch based Law: Legal Precedent, logical, case laws |
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Differences between Psychology and the Law: Methodology |
Psych: Nomothetic (Goal is to understand trends) Law: Idiographic (Case-By-Case) |
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Differences between Psychology and the Law: Epistemology |
Psych: Uncovering hidden truth (objective)
Law: Persuasion (Subjective) |
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Differences between Psychology and the Law: Criteria |
Psych: Replication/Conservative Law: Single Case/More Lenient |
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Differences between Psychology and the Law: Nature of Law |
Psych: Descriptive, How people behave Law: Prescriptive, How people should behave |
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Differences between Psychology and the Law: Principles |
Psych: Alternative explanations Law: Only one correct explanation |
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Differences between Psychology and the Law: Latitude |
Psych: Limited by the court (Psychologist) Law: Fewer restrictions (Lawyer) |
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Explain the Mohan Criteria |
It is the criteria used in Canada to determine if expert witness testimony can be used in court. In order for that to happen: -The evidence must be relevant -Evidence must not violate any other rule of exclusion -Testimony must be presented by a qualified expert |
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What are the main Psychological factors that make eyewitnesses testimony unreliable? |
Anxiety/Stress Presence Suggestive Question Misinformation Effect |
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List the Stages of Memory |
Perception/Attention Encoding Short-Term Long-Term Retrieval |
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Explain what the Misinformation Effect is |
Phenomenon where a witness who is presented with inaccurate info after an event will incorporate that misinformation in a subsequent recall task. |
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Explanations FOR the Misinformation Effect: Misinformation Acceptance Hypothesis |
Incorrect info is provided because the witness guessed what the officer or experimenter wanted to hear (Social Desirability) |
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Explanations FOR the Misinformation Effect: Source Misattribution Hypothesis |
Creation of 2 memories (Original and Misinformation), where the witness cannot remember where each memory originated or the source of each memory. |
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Explanations FOR the Misinformation Effect: Memory Impairment Hypothesis |
The original memory is replaced with the new, incorrect, information. Everytime we recall info with misinformation, it becomes incorporated. |
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How may the misinformation effect occur in real life? |
Detective may make assumptions of what occured, and phrase a question with their assumption May be more than one witness, and they hear each others statements Detective may use info from one witness to question another |
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What two procedures may be used if an eyewitness has difficulty recalling what occured? |
Hypnosis, and The Cognitive Interview |
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List the factors that influence whether hypnosis can be induced (4) |
Trust between Witness and Hypnotist Witness's willingness to be hypnotized Witness's belief in hypnosis Serious of context for being hypnotized |
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What does The Cognitive Interview (TCI) focus on? |
Memory Storage and Retrieval |
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List the factors of the Original Interview of TCI (4) |
Reinstating the Context: Focus on events surrounding the crime
Reporting Everything: Everything relevant or not
Reversing Order: Go through events from end to beginning
Changing Perspective: Recall events from different perspectives |
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List the factors of the Enhanced Intervire of TCI (5) |
Rapport Building: Comfortable and Supportive Environment Supportive Interviewer Behaviour: No interruptions Transfer of Control: Witness controls the interview Focused Retrieval: Open-ended questions, focused memory techniques Witness-Compatible Questioning |
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Define False-Memory Syndrome |
Clients' false beliefs that they were sexually abused as children, having no memories of this abuse until they enter therapy to deal with some other psychological problem (I.e. depression) |
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What criteria is taken into account to determine the veracity of a recovered memory? (Lindsay and Read, 1995) (5) |
Age of the complaint at the time of the alleged abuse
Techniques used to recover memory
Similarity of reports across interview sessions
Motivation for recall
Time elapsed since the alleged abuse |