Forensic Psych

Front 1

1. Victim exposure can be categorized in terms of __________ and __________.

Back 1

a. Lifestyle, situational

Front 2

2. A timeline should outline the last known _____ hours of victim activity.

Back 2

24

Front 3

3. The propensity to assume that everything found in a crime scene or in relation to a crime must somehow be related is a common logical fallacy, referred to as __________.

Back 3

a. Post hoc, ergo propter hoc

Front 4

4. According to Von Hentig’s classification of victims, which of the following terms refers to a promiscuous person?

Back 4

c. The wanton

Front 5

5. A victim’s lifestyle exposure is related to the __________ of potentially harmful elements experienced by the victim and resulting from the victim’s usual environment and personal traits, as well as past choices.

Back 5

b. Frequency

Front 6

6. A victim’s situational exposure refers to the amount of actual exposure or vulnerability to harm resulting from the environment and the victim’s personal traits __________.

Back 6

b. At the time of victimization

Front 7

7. __________ victims are exposed to the possibility of suffering harm or loss less often than not (1- 3 days a week)

Back 7

c. Medium-exposure

Front 8

8. __________ victims are those who are exposed to little contact or vulnerability to harm or less immediately prior to victimization.

Back 8

c. Low-exposure

Front 9

9. Which of the following is an example of a vilified group?

Back 9

all of the above

Front 10

10. Which of the following careers is a notable lifestyle factor that increases a victim’s lifestyle exposure?

Back 10

Attorney

Front 11

11. Which of the following is not a notable situational factor?

Back 11

c. Care and supervision

Front 12

12. Which of the following is not a goal of forensic victimology?

Back 12

d. All of the above are goals of forensic victimology

Front 13

13. Which of the following is not identified as a package that must be gathered and assessed by the criminal investigator?

Back 13

c. Suspect package

Front 14

14. Which of the following packages includes information regarding the victim’s home address, 911 calls, and the location/condition of their personal vehicle?

Back 14

b. Residence package

Front 15

15. Lifestyle factors can influence harm to the victim in which of the following ways?

Back 15

d. All of the above

Front 16

16. __________ refers to the deliberate act of imagining a behavior, event, or series of events that one finds personally arousing.

Back 16

d. Sexual fantasy

Front 17

17. There are approximately __________ open relationships in the United States.

Back 17

d.4 million

Front 18

18. Approximately _____% of Internet users are doing so to view porn.

Back 18

43

Front 19

19. __________ refers to a type of open relationship that allows both sex and love outside the relationship.

Back 19

b. Polyamory

Front 20

20. Sexual fantasies commonly involve which of the following themes?

Back 20

d. All of the above

Front 21

21. What are the 2 kinds of sexual arousal?

Back 21

a. Subjective and genital

Front 22

22. Which of the following stimuli can cause sexual arousal?

Back 22

All of the above

Front 23

23. What is the primary predictor of infidelity?

Back 23

poor communication

Front 24

24. Which of the following is a motive of exhibitionism?

Back 24

d. All of the above

Front 25

25. What motivates individuals to lie about their sexual habits?

Back 25

d. All of the above

Front 26

26. Which of the following is not one of the five features generally present in an S/M encounter?

Back 26

d. Infliction of pain

Front 27

27. Which of the following is true regarding fetishism?

Back 27

d. Fetishists are often identified by association with other illegal sexual activity related to the fetishism or satisfying the fetish

Front 28

28. Which of the following is an example of sexual coercion?

Back 28

d. All of the above

Front 29

29. What is the male-to-female ratio of those who engage in sexual asphyxia?

Back 29

50:1

Front 30

30. __________ refers to the use of special materials or devices that physically restrain the victim.

Back 30

a. Bondage

Front 31

31. Sexual asphyxia is the consensual or forced reduction of oxygen to the brain to enhance what type of pleasure?

Back 31

c. All of the above

Front 32

32. Which of the following may indicate that a death was not an expected outcome?

Back 32

d. All of the above

Front 33

33. To form an opinion that a death is the result of autoerotic asphyxia, the investigator would need to find evidence that the activity was __________ and likely pursued for sexual stimulation.

Back 33

c. Repetitive

Front 34

34. Autoerotic asphyxia can be mistaken for which of the following?

Back 34

All of the above

Front 35

35. Which of the following terms is synonymous with sexual asphyxia?

Back 35

all of the above

Front 36

36. What type of asphyxia presents the most obvious risk of death to the practitioners?

Back 36

b. Autoerotic

Front 37

37. Which of the following is not a death scene finding that is necessary to determine that a death is due to autoerotic asphyxia?

Back 37

b. There is evidence of another actor

Front 38

38. Why are news agencies and media groups hesitant to give detailed coverage on the subject of sexual asphyxia?

Back 38

c. Certain individuals have a propensity to mimic what they see reported in the media

Front 39

39. Which of the following is a repercussion resulting from errors in judgment regarding autoerotic sexual asphyxia?

Back 39

All of the above

Front 40

40. Which of the following results from hydrostatic pressure and may be evident during autopsy?

Back 40

Petechia

Front 41

41. __________ refers to the false report, conveyance, or circulation of an alleged or impeding criminal offense.

Back 41

false reporting

Front 42

42. What is the most common motivation for false reporting a crime?

Back 42

mitigation of responsability

Front 43

43. According to research specific to the area of falsely reported rapes, what percentage of rapes are false reports?

Back 43

a. 8%-41%

Front 44

44. __________ refers to a lie communicated under oath about a material fact in a criminal matter.

Back 44

c. Perjury

Front 45

45. What type of lie is considered harmless, beneficial to those around us, and contributes to the greater good?

Back 45

white lie

Front 46

46. Which of the following is true regarding motivations of false reporters?

Back 46

a. There is no bright yellow line between motivations

Front 47

47. Which of the following is not discussed as a motive of a false report?

Back 47

power reassurance

Front 48

48. Which of the following is not an example of a mandated reporter?

Back 48

lawyer

Front 49

49. Which of the following types of false reports is not discussed in this chapter?

Back 49

d. All of the above are discussed

Front 50

50. Which of the following is true regarding police agencies?

Back 50

d. All of the above

Front 51

51. Which of the following is true regarding the frequency of false report cases?

Back 51

d. All of the above

Front 52

52. During 2010, it was revealed that at least three individuals in Canada have faked which of the following?

Back 52

cancer

Front 53

53. A female student false reports victimization to gain better accommodations within her student apartment building. This is an example of what motivation?

Back 53

profit

Front 54

54. An individual who has abstained from the use of drugs or alcohol for a period of time and suddenly relapses may claim that someone else forced them to inject drugs or alcohol against their will. This is an example of what motivation?

Back 54

a. Concealment of illicit activities

Front 55

55. A false reporter may stage an intimate or domestic homicide to look like a stranger burglary gone wrong or a kidnapping. This is an example of what motivation?

Back 55

c. Crime concealment

Front 56

56. Crime reconstruction is based on which of the following?

Back 56

all of the above

Front 57

57. To account for post-discovery influences, a record must be kept of the people, places, and processes that the evidence has endured since the time of its recognition at the scene. What is this record called?

Back 57

chain of custody

Front 58

58. What is the most important consideration in the reconstruction of crime?

Back 58

b. Locard’s exchange principle

Front 59

59. Offender actions at the scene that influence evidence include which of the following?

Back 59

all of the above

Front 60

60. Associated evidence is usually a form of trace evidence that can be __________ or __________ evidence.

Back 60

a. Identification, ownership

Front 61

61. Which of the following is an example of post-discovery dynamic influences?

Back 61

d. Therapeutic injuries

Front 62

62. Which of the following is not an example of limiting evidence?

Back 62

crime scene tape

Front 63

63. Which of the following is not an example of ownership evidence?

Back 63

stamps

Front 64

64. A deceased victim found without his wallet is an example of what type of evidence?

Back 64

inferred

Front 65

65. Gunshot wounds, bullet holes, and cartridge casings indicating that a firearm was discharged are examples of what type of evidence?

Back 65

Action

Front 66

66. Trace evidence, such as hair, fibers, and glass, may be used to suggest an association between persons, objects, and locations. These are examples of what type of evidence?

Back 66

b. Contact

Front 67

67. A footprint over a tire track showing that an individual was present subsequent to the vehicle’s passing is an example of what type of evidence?

Back 67

sequential

Front 68

68. Footprints that indicate direction of travel are examples of what type of evidence?

Back 68

directional

Front 69

69. Crime scene characteristics are established from a thorough examination of which of the following?

Back 69

all of the above

Front 70

70. What form of evidence may allow the criminal profiler to provide an opinion as to whether multiple offenders were involved in the commission of a crime?

Back 70

all of the above

Front 71

71. A crime scene exposed to the elements of nature is an example of what type of crime scene?

Back 71

outdoor

Front 72

72. The location where a body is found can be described as which of the following?

Back 72

all of the above

Front 73

73. An opportunistic victim can be chosen due to which of the following?

Back 73

all of the above

Front 74

74. What personal item taken from the victim represents a symbol of victory, achievement, or consequent?

Back 74

trophy

Front 75

75. Which type of force is generally the result of cumulative rage?

Back 75

overkill

Front 76

76. What is considered one of the most important considerations of crime scene investigation, reconstruction, and analysis?

Back 76

d. Determining what type of crime scene we are presented with

Front 77

77. Which of the following is not an example of a precautionary act?

Back 77

d. All of the above are examples of precautionary acts

Front 78

78. A blitz attack follows what method of approach?

Back 78

any approach

Front 79

79. Impersonating a police officer, or some other form of authority figure, is an example of what method of approach?

Back 79

con

Front 80

80. A sniper killing a victim with a single shot is an example of what type of force?

Back 80

administrative

Front 81

81. Kicking a victim for refusing to get up is an example of what type of force?

Back 81

corrective

Front 82

82. Chopping off a victim’s hands and head to obscure investigative efforts at identification is an example of what type of force?

Back 82

precautionary

Front 83

83. A victim who refuses to comply with offender commands or the refusal to eat or drink in captivity is an example of what type of victim resistance?

Back 83

passive

Front 84

84. The behavioral motivational typology is useful for classifying what type of criminal behavior?

Back 84

all of the above

Front 85

85. __________ refers to the end aim that guides behavior.

Back 85

intent

Front 86

86. The main goal of ___________ behavior is to service the offender’s cumulative aggression.

Back 86

b. Anger retaliatory

Front 87

87. Cumulative rage is evidenced by what behavior?

Back 87

overkill

Front 88

88. Administrative crime scene behaviors can be broken down into what 2 categories?

Back 88

a. Profit-oriented and goal-directed

Front 89

89. What type of crime scene behavior is engaged in for a specific functional purpose?

Back 89

goal-directed

Front 90

90. What motivation is also referred to as entitlement?

Back 90

power assertive

Front 91

91. An administrative motivation includes behaviors that service what type of gain?

Back 91

all of the above

Front 92

92. Which of the following is not an example of a contributing motivational factor?

Back 92

d. All of the above may be considered contributing motivational factors

Front 93

93. Which of the following is not an advantage of determining the motivation behind a crime?

Back 93

d. All of the above are advantages of determining motive

Front 94

94. What motivation does not reflect emotional or psychological needs of the offender?

Back 94

administrative

Front 95

95. Which of the following is not a motive of sexual assault?

Back 95

goal-directed

Front 96

96. Which of the following must be present in a sadistically motivated crime?

Back 96

b. A conscious victim who is able to respond to the injuries inflicted by the offender

Front 97

The belief/rationalization that the offense is consensual or that the victim is somehow a willing or culpable participant is an example of what motivation?

Back 97

power reassurance

Front 98

An offender who contacts a victim after an attack evidences what motivation?

Back 98

power reassurance

Front 99

100. Case linkage involves establishing and comparing which of the following?

Back 99

all of the above

Front 100

With respect to behavioral evidence, case linkage efforts have typically hinged on what two concepts?

Back 100

MO and signature

Front 101

102. Offender signature refers to the pattern or cluster of which of the following?

Back 101

all of the above

Front 102

103. Which of the following is true regarding signature behavior?

Back 102

all of the above

Front 103

104. What principle of behavioral evidence analysis states that different offenders do similar things for different reasons?

Back 103

b. The principle of behavioral variance

Front 104

105. A(n) __________ refers to any unplanned influence that can affect crime scene behavior during an offense. a. Interrupted offense

Back 104

x-factor

Front 105

106. What type of analysis is conducted during an ongoing investigation while facts are still being established?

Back 105

investigative

Front 106

107. Which of the following is not a purpose of MO behaviors.

Back 106

c. Fulfilling a psychological need of the offender

Front 107

108. Which of the following is not considered an MO behavior?

Back 107

d. The failure to use a condom during an offense

Front 108

109. Which of the following is not an example of an X-factor?

Back 108

d. All of the above are examples of X-factors

Front 109

110. Which of the following is an example of a destabilizing MO factor.

Back 109

d. Use of controlled substances

Front 110

111. Which of the following is true regarding offender signature?

Back 110

d. It always involves an expression of fantasy

Front 111

112. Which of the following is an example of a passive signature behavior?

Back 111

overkill

Front 112

113. Two convenience robberies occur in broad daylight. Both involve a .357-magnum handgun and both involve an offender wearing a mask. This evidences what type of behavioral linkage?

Back 112

behavioral commonality

Front 113

114. Two women murdered in their homes, in generally the same fashion, in the same community, over the course of a year. This evidences what type of

Back 113

an investigative link

Front 114

In the 1960s the psychoanalyst Bruno Bettelheim hypothesized that autistic children were produced by mothers who were not competent to bond emotionally with their children. He called these mothers

Back 114

refrigerator moms

Front 115

2. This person was considered by many to be the “father of forensic psychology”.

Back 115

Hugo Münsterberg

Front 116

3. The topic of the book “The Courage to Heal” was

Back 116

a. repressed memories of alleged incest

Front 117

4. The mental process by which distressing thoughts, memories, or impulses are excluded from consciousness and left to operate in the unconscious is called

Back 117

repression

Front 118

5. An abnormal integration of thoughts, feelings, and experiences into consciousness so that traumatic memories are split off from conscious awareness is called

Back 118

dissociation

Front 119

6. The case of the _______________ is an example of what can happen when false memories, over-zealous experts, and a fad-desensitized media come together

Back 119

McMartin school

Front 120

8. One judge referred to this as “spectral evidence.”

Back 120

"recovered" memories

Front 121

. In 1978 Dan White shot and killed Harvey Milk and San Francisco mayor George Moscone. White’s defense team claimed that his poor diet contributed to his manic-depressive illness, and that his manic-depressive illness contributed to his homicidal actions. This became known as the _______________ defense.

Back 121

twinkie

Front 122

10. A set of symptoms and signs that occur in a regular pattern from patient to patient, and that collectively indicate or characterize a disease, psychological disorder, or other abnormal condition, is known as a

Back 122

syndrome

Front 123

11. The phenomenon of hostages forming an identification with, and bonding to their captors is called the

Back 123

stockholm syndrome

Front 124

12. The precursor to the battered woman syndrome was the research done on

Back 124

learned helplessness

Front 125

13. The original proponent of the battered women syndrome

Back 125

lenore walker

Front 126

14. According to the battered woman syndrome, the three phases of a battering cycle in their correct order, are

Back 126

b. tension building

Front 127

16. According to the battered woman syndrome, this phase is characterized by unusual calm and attempts to make up for abusive behavior

Back 127

Contrite and loving

Front 128

17. According to the battered woman syndrome, this phase is characterized by the victim’s leaving the relationship temporarily

Back 128

none of the above

Front 129

18. Criticisms of the research underlying the battered woman syndrome include all of the following except

Back 129

c. failure to interview the victims of battered women syndrome

Front 130

19. The original research on the rape trauma syndrome (RTS) was conducted using _______________ as subjects

Back 130

d. women presenting at a Boston hospital emergency room during a one year period

Front 131

20. In a trial for rape, evidence of RTS is usually introduced to put the _______________ actions into context

Back 131

victim's

Front 132

21. The original research on rape trauma syndrome has been criticized for all of the following reasons except

Back 132

none of the above

Front 133

A ninety-year-old man looses consciousness due to a blocked blood vessel in his brain. As a result, he looses control of his car and hits someone. His best defense is likely to be

Back 133

a or c (lack of mens rea/automatism )

Front 134

23. Sleep-walking is the classic example of

Back 134

automatism

Front 135

24. An intense form of anxiety, tension, and rage, experienced by an individual with latent homosexual tendencies, is better known as

Back 135

a or b (gay/homosexual panic)

Front 136

25. People v. Ferguson (1998) is a famous example of the _______________ in action

Back 136

black rage defense

Front 137

26. A person is provoked, but unwilling or unable to retaliate against the original provocateur, and later aggresses against a seemingly innocent target. This is likely an example of

Back 137

displaced aggression

Front 138

This type of terrorist seek the complete abolition of a political system and its replacement with new structures

Back 138

revolutionary

Front 139

The Italian Red Brigades, the German Red Army Faction, and the Irish Republican Army, are examples of this type of terrorist group

Back 139

revolutionary

Front 140

3. This type of terrorism is environmentally-oriented and uses violence aimed at an audience

Back 140

ecoterrorism

Front 141

4. The Phineas Priesthood, Montana Freemen, The Order, and the Arizona Patriots, are all examples of extremist groups known as

Back 141

Christian identity

Front 142

5. The _______________ is a racist, anti-Semitic movement with a commitment to use violence to achieve its goals of racial segregation and white supremacy

Back 142

ku klux klan

Front 143

This black nationalism group was formed by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale in Oakland, California, in 1966

Back 143

black panther party

Front 144

7. In 1995, this Japanese doomsday cult released nerve gas into a Tokyo subway

Back 144

a. AUM Shinrikyo

Front 145

“The unlawful attack or threat of attack against computers, computer networks, or information stored on computers, with the intent to intimidate or coerce in order to achieve political or social objectives” is called

Back 145

cyberterrorism

Front 146

This word, meaning literally "hashish-eater,” comes from Muslim a sect who, between 1090 and 1272 CE, fought the Christian crusaders attempting to conquer present-day Syria and Iran.

Back 146

assassin

Front 147

10. Some theorists hold that terrorism is a form of _______________ or an intense overreaction to not being able to acquire or maintain power or control by intimidation, thus resulting in shame

Back 147

narcissistic rage

Front 148

11. The psychological literature suggests that many terrorists suffer from

Back 148

NONE of the above

Front 149

12. The psychological literature suggests that the personality disorder terrorists are most likely to exhibit, if at all, is

Back 149

c. antisocial personality disorder

Front 150

13. Individuals with a damaged self-concept may utilize the primitive defense of __________ to blame an outside enemy for their own inadequacies and weaknesses

Back 150

d. either b or c

( b. splitting/ c. externalization)

Front 151

“Dichotomous thinking” is where

Back 151

a. people are seen as either totally good or totally bad

Front 152

15. The People’s Temple is associated with which religious cult leader?

Back 152

Jim Jones

Front 153

16. Beck (2002) regards many terrorists as becoming so engaged in their mission that their thinking and actions focus exclusively on the destruction of the target. He terms this

Back 153

Tunnel Vision

Front 154

17. The process the process whereby terrorist recruits give up all their former ties and affiliations is called

Back 154

c. depluralization

Front 155

18. The process by which people feel less culpable when, either in the presence of, or on behalf of a group, they engage in harmful or even heinous behavior, is called

Back 155

diffusion of responsibility

Front 156

19. The process by which terror group members are asked to take on a new personal identity both internally (such as values and beliefs) and externally (such as manner of dress), is called

Back 156

d. self-deindividuation

Front 157

20. The social psychological conditioning process whereby group members become convinced that the enemy is in league with the devil or represent some kind of cosmic evil, is called

Back 157

demonization

Front 158

21. In Milgram’s 1963 study of obedience, how many subjects continued to the highest shock level despite the cries of the victim?

Back 158

37/40

Front 159

22. An aversion to differences in people, a desire for conformity to prevailing social norms and authority, strict morality, political and social intolerance, an aversion to ambiguity, and a desire for clear and unambiguous authority, are all part of the _______________ personality

Back 159

b. authoritarian

Front 160

23. Flashbacks, nightmares, loss of emotions, detachment, difficulty sleeping, and feeling irritable and on edge, are all symptoms of

Back 160

a. posttraumatic stress disorder

Front 161

24. This type of therapy helps patients identify their trauma-related negative beliefs and to change them to reduce distress

Back 161

d. cognitive-behavioral therapy

Front 162

25. This type of therapy uses a combination of imagined “reliving” of traumatic events, and “in vivo” confrontation of traumatic triggers in the outside world

Back 162

exposure therapy