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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When we go back to police psych, what was the est. # of law enforcement agencies in the US?
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18,000
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The FBI put together an organization for profiling in the 1990s, they called that a specific a specific psychological approach, what was that? (Canter)
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The Investigative Psychology approach
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History of law enforcement started with night watchman, how did the evolution occur, what came first? From night watchman to county police to the sheriff?
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Night watchmen and county sheriffs-1630s.Postal Inspector, Customs Service, Revenue Cutter Service(Coast Guard), Marshals Service-1770s & 1780s.
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When is the beginning of modern law enforcement?
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1800s
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When did the police policy shift from focusing on social disorder (gangs) to crime and law enforcement (investigative police psych)?
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1990s
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What is criminal investigative analysis?
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It was the 1st systematic approach to profiling developed by the FBI's Behavioral Science Unit in the 1970s&1980s. The hallmark of the FBI's approach is a strong reliance on offense motivational typologies to infer offender characteristics, based on the assumption that similar behavior with similar motivation reflects similar personal characteristics.
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What is behavior evidence analysis?
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A strongly deductive approach, developed in reaction to the reliance on typologies, psychological theory, and statistical analysis that characterize Criminal Investigative Analysis and Investigative Psychology. Profilers make rational inferences about the personal characteristics of perpetrators based on directly on the facts of the case at hand; there is no reference to "other offenders" as a means of justifying conclusions.
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What is the reasoning and rehabilitation revised program, treating correctional offenders, what was it’s goal, what is it supposed to do?
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Offenders at high risk for recidivism should receive more intensive assessment&mgmt, relative to offenders at moderate or low risk.Targeted high-risk.Focused on concrete goals such as changing criminal behavior.Relied on structured or skills-focused interventions.Often delivered to groups rather than individuals.
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What is probation? What is it when you’re put on probation?
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A punishment following conviction for a criminal offense, typically considered more serious than community service or fines but less serious than imprisonment. It may include conditions similar to those on bail, but often the conditions are more strict&may include things as not using alcohol,other intoxicating substances,¬ associating with people who are known criminal offenders. Violation may result in imprisonment or new charges.
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What is Parole?
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A conditional release from imprisonment intended to facilitate an offender's return adn readjustment to the community. Typically granted when the offender has served a substantial portion of a term of impirsonment with good behavior and is released from custody early as a reward.
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What is Bail?
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AKA Pretrial release. It is used for people who have been arrested for or charged with criminal offenses and released into the community to await trial, and for people who have been convicted but are awaiting sentencing. The term is often open-ended,& may last for many months.
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When is pre-trial release issued?
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May be granted bail based solely on their promise to attend court as directed, or they may be asked to guarantee attendance at court by putting up a bond or surety.
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What is conditional sentencing?
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Related to Probation. See probation.
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Define correctional psych, legal psych, forensic psych,police psych.
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Correctional psych-the application of psych theory&research to the correctional system.
Legal psych- Forensic psych-will take on one primary role but may engage in additional roles depending on his/her interests&training. police psych-the application of psych theory&research to law enforcement or, "the delivery of psychological services to and on behalf of law enforcement agencies,their execs,adn employees. |
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Where are the majority of offenders supervised, are they in jail, are they in the community, are they in rural communities? What % of offenders are dealt with locked up vs. under supervision?
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80% or more offenders are supervised in the community.
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In corrections, what are the differences between monitoring, treatment, supervision, and victim safety planning?
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Monitoring(repeated assessment)-goal:to evaluate changes in risk over time so that risk mgmt strategies&tactics can be revised as appropriate.
Treatment-goal:to improve an offender's psychological adjustment. Supervision-goal:to make it(more)difficult for the offender to engage in further violence. Extreme form:incapacitation by placing in health care facility. Victim Safety Planning-goal:to ensure that,if crime recurs-despite all monitoring,treatment,and supervision effots-any negative impact on the victims' psychological&physical well-being is minimized. |
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There is a model for punishment that dictates the level of service delivered to offenders should be commensurate with risks they pose to reoffend, what model is that? Would it be rehabilitative, risk management, the probationary?
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Risk-Need-Responsivity(RNR) Model. Risk principle-offenders at high risk for recidivism should receive more intensive assessment&mgmt,relative to offenders at moderate or low risk.
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Why do we need expert testimony?
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They provide specialized knowledge that will assist the trier of fact to understand the evidence or to determine a fact in issue, a witness qualified as an expert by knowledge, skill, experience, training, or education, may testify thereto in the form of an opinion or otherwise.
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The research on battered women’s syndrome in expert testimony. What does the research show in our textbook? Go to index to look up: battered women’s syndrome, research. When we use experts, what are the court outcomes typically? Are they more harsh or less severe?
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A:
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What are the different roles that psychologists have to play when they’re expert witnesses?
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Conduit/Educator. Philosopher/Advocate. Hired Gun.
Provide testimony resulting from an evaluation of a criminal defendant or a plaintiff in a civil case. To provide info about psychological research. |
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Rules of evidence: Fry and Daubert, where do we stand now? What’s going on with Daubert now? What does the textbook say now about the way courts perceive him now?
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The decision on Daubert emphasized the flexibility of the Daubert criteria, & also held that Daubert could not logically be applied to all types of expert testimony.
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Prosecution tends to do what with conviction rates with expert witnesses vs. defense experts? What do they typically do with conviction rates?
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A:
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SAKS, 3 different roles that expert witnesses adopt: educator(conduit), philosopher(advocate), hired gun?
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Conduit/Educator-To share the most faithful pic of any feld's knowledge w/those who have been assigned the responsibility to make the decisions.
Philosopher/advocate-Giving testimony that involves clever editing, selecting, shading, exaggerating, or glossing over. Hired Gun-Works in the service of someone else's values rather than advancing his/her own.I must to what I can to help the people who hired me. |
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What is the difference between Fry and Daubert? And the rules of evidence?
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Daubert-est the role of the trial court judge as a gatekeeper to ensure that expert evidence is admitted only if it's scientifically valid.
Frye-comsidered a conservative test of admissability,& critics have suggested that it excludes evidence that is novel yet still reliable&valid. The SC ruled taht fed rules od evidence is the std for admitting expert scientific testimony in fed trial,&Frye's gen acceptance test was superseded by the Rules' adoption. |
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What is evidence rule 702? Definition.
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Testimony be experts.If scientific,technical,orother specialized knowledge will assist the trier of fact to understand the evidence or to determine a fact in issue,a witness qualified as an expert by knowledge,skill,experience,training,oreducation,may testify thereto in the form of an opinion or otheriwse,if(1)the testimony is sufficiently based upon reliable facts/data(2)the testimony is the product of reliable principles&methods,%(3)the witness has applied the principles&methods reliably to the facts of the case.
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What type of assessments may we be asked to do?
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A:
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Evaluator role for forensic psychologists, go over slides and know what their role is. Do they focus on dual roles? What are the issues? They want to make sure to maintain their therapeutic relationships.
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Various roles that can be played:trial consultant, expert witness, evaluator, treatment provider, researcher, academic, and correctional psychologist. It's possible (in fact, common) for an individual to take on more than one of these roles or to take on additional roles not mentioned here.
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What areas can unlicensed psychologists do? Can they do assessments, therapy, and crisis interventions? If they can’t, what can they do? What about licenses psychologists? They can do everything.
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Must be licensed to practice psych independently, to engage in the role of evaluator, treatment provider, or expert witness, with an individual/group of people.UNlicensed can be tiral consultants, researchers, academic, correctional psychologists/psych technician, the practice of psych in a correctional setting.
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Different multiple/dual roles correctional psychologists can have?
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Often engage in direct service delivery(both evaluation&treatment) of individuals who have been incarcerated or who are out on probation or parole. May also take on the role of researcher or expert witness.
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What’s the process for a profession that’s self-governing? If something’s unethical or unlawful, what are the steps to handling it?
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Bring the complaint to the attention of the offending psychologist, or file a complaint with the licensing board of the state in which the psychologist practices. If a member of the APA, file a complaint with them.
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