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4 Cards in this Set
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Commander in chief role given to president |
Gives significant foreign policy powers which allows them to dominate gives power to act unilaterally in military Allow bypass of congress Example: Libya 2011 Obama, air strikes on Iraq and Syria However, congress can provide restrictions and regain dominance. Eg war powers act 1973. Troops withdrawn from Vietnam war and Somalia under Clinton |
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Authority and reliance by the people during national urgency |
Gives power to lead policy and make military decisions without consulting congress. Example: bush during 9/11. War on terror lead to Bush having massive dominance as America looked at him to make fast decisions. Allowed him to pass many executive orders such as expanding the powers of the CIA to receive more information on citizens to avoid terrorism. Executive orders do not require congressional approval and easily bypass congressional approval, hindering their ability to dominate policy. However congress can challenge the powers asserted by the president. For example, congress challenged reports from Iraq and the funding given to the war. As a result, the democrats passed a law in 2007 to significantly reduce funding. Despite this, Overall, president still retains full dominance because they have the consent of the people, which deters congress away from challenging the president in fear of criticism from the people. |
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President can dictate relationships with other countries |
Constitutional power Allows them to dictate foreign policy rather than congress Example: Obama worked with Cuba, China and Iran all without congressional leaders. Reagan with the Arms Reduction Treaty. Shows president has powerful position to achieve foreign policy goals and reduces the voice of congress when making relations. However congress has some control regarding the senates role of treaty ratification because president requires 2/3 of senate to approve. Eg 1920 treaty of Versailles rejected. 1999 Clinton failed to pass Comprehensive Ban Treaty due to not reaching 2/3 majority. Despite this, executive agreements can be used to reject senate and continue with desired relationships. Eg Iran deal under Obama. Means that regardless of senate, president can continue to push desired relations and bypass constitution, therefore dominating policy. |
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Threats of advanced conflict |
Such as nuclear war Due to need for secrecy and speed Means president has greater right to these decisions as he can hold secretive information through EXOP and National security council. Increases congressional trust Eg: Iraq war 2003. Bush claimed a need for fast and secret action, claiming that Saddam Hussein’s weapons of mass destruction were a threat and required consent for war However president cannot use this persuasion in all cases due to congressional expertise which allow them to assert control and reject cases. For example, this plea would likely fail in treaty making and some attacks such as Somalia. This shows congress can assert their intelligence to reject claims, such as Joe Biden and the house of intelligence committee. Overall, the president still retains majority control thus dominating power because when successful, the decision to enter troops, for example in iraq, can have major consequences.
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