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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Imperialism? |
a country's desire to expand its power and control over foreign lands ether through diplomacy, economic means or outright military force. |
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How were ideas of imperialism important to US foreign policy? |
1) EU had become rich and powerful because of expansion 2) Enforces the Monroe Doctrine 3)Progressive Imperialism |
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What was Progressive Imperialism? |
The belief that America was motivated to expand to improve the lives of others eg. Cuba and the Yellow Fever Create other countries in the image of America |
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Why was the ending of the Frontier important? |
1) Final states were incorporated in 1912 2) Necessary to create a new frontier 3) Important element in society - Turner Thesis |
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What was Turner's Thesis? |
The belief that a new frontier would retain the values and dynamism of the Frontier |
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How were individuals important to American Foreign Policy? |
1) Roosevelt + Senator Lodge argued it was necessary to have a more forward expansionist policy 2) Alfred Thayer Mahari worte an influential book in 1890 'The influence of Sea Power Upon History' stated a navy was necessary |
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Why was the economy a factor in Foreign Policy? |
1) Panic of 1893- wider markets, tackled economic problems 2) Agriculture- surplus of goods, new markets 3) New markets- preferential tariffs |
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When did the Spanish American War take place? |
1898 |
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What was the cause of the SA war? |
- revolt against the Spanish led by Jose Marti by the the Cubans - brutally ended - gained sympathy from America |
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Why was Cuba already dependent on America? |
- economy - exported tobacco and sugar to the US |
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Why did America feel threatened by the East? |
1) Instability of China 2) Modernisation of Japan 3) 'Yellow Peril' 4) War with Spain would open the way for new bases in the Pacific |
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What started the SA war? |
The USS Maine was supposedly blown up by the Spanish. Used as an excuse for war. |
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Why was the SA war politically useful? |
1) Roosevelt became a war hero- resigned to led the Rough Riders in Havana 2) Spain made peace at the Treaty of Paris 3) Cuba became a protectorate in 1912 |
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What were the benefits of winning the SA war? |
Annexation of Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines and Hawaii |
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What helped America win the war? |
- Success of America's sea power - destroyed the Spanish outdated fleet |
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Who criticised the Gov't over the SA war? |
- Anti-Imperialist League - betrayed the ideas of the founding fathers - attacked the use of violence, paternalism and racial prejudice |
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Who supported the Americans and why did this change? |
The Filipino rebels who were promised independence. America never gave them this. A revolt broke out in 1899 and lasted until 1902. |
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What acts were passed by Congress during this time period? |
- 1901 Platt Amendment- authorising intervention in Cuba - 1903 Cuban-American Treaty which made Cuba an American Protectorate |
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What did Roosevelt do in 1904? |
Amended the Monroe Doctrine with the Roosevelt Corollary |
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What was Roosevelt Corollary? |
enabled a more imperialist policy. America would act as an international police force. |
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What was McKinley's crowning achievement? |
The Panama Canal |
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Why was the Panama Canal vital for America? |
Solidified the USA's position as a world economic and naval power |
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Who had attempted the canal before? |
The French but it was too expensive |
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How did Roosevelt build the Panama Canal? |
- Colombian Gov't was not cooperative - Roosevelt schemed to create a new country - Roosevelt sponsored a national uprising of Panamanian separatists - created a new US puppet state called Panama |
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When was the Canal finished? |
1914 |
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What were the consequences of the Panama Canal? |
1) Vital for expansion 2) Greater Trade 3) US Navy could now pass from one ocean to another |
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How was America's Naval power shown? |
- Great White Fleet from 1907 to 1909 - 16 warships were sent on a world tour |
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Who opposed the Panama Canal? |
Congress and the Anti-Imperialist League |
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What was the open door policy? |
- keep trade open with China - experiencing destabilisation in China - Boxer rebellion, attempted to drive out foreigners and Christians - European powers were going to intervene but US were quick to intervene |
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How did America intervene with the Russo-Japanese war? |
Mediated the end of the war, negotiating a peace treaty in Portsmouth |
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What did Taft become famous for? |
Dollar Diplomacy |
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What was dollar diplomacy? |
the use of economic and financial power to gain influence in Latin America |
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Give an example of dollar diplomacy. |
1) 1909 Taft bought the debts on Honduras to establish financial control and increase influence 2) Haiti and Nicaragua |
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What consequences did Taft's dollar diplomacy have? |
1914 the Nicaragua population revolted and troops had to be sent in |
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What foreign policy did Wilson follow? |
Abandoned dollar diplomacy and favored a more peaceful approach |
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What actions did Wilson take? |
1) re-instated the Open Door policy 2) gave Colombia $20million in compensation |
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What happened during the Mexican Revolution? |
1) Threatened business interests 2) 1914 Wilson sent US marines to occupy the port of Vera Cruz 3) 1916 Wilson sent troops 4) Possibility of German interference triggered the decision to enter WW1 |
