Forearm And Radioulnar Joints

Front 1

Describe a Monteggia Fracture Dislocation

Back 1

Fracture of the ulna with dislocation of the radial head is known as a Monteggia fracture dislocation.

Monteggia is more common in children, but also occurs in adults.

Front 2

Describe the Fascial Compartments of the Forearm

Back 2

Posterior compartment: Extensors-supinator
Lateral compartment: Flexor-extensor
Anterior compartment: Flexors-pronators
Lateral compartment has two muscles, important b/c of innervation

Front 3

Anterior Forearm Muscle Layers

Back 3

Superficial, Intermediate, Deep

Front 4

Name the Superficial Layer Anterior Forearm Muscles

Back 4

Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
(All attached proximally to a common flexor origin on the medial epicondyle of the humerus)

Front 5

Name the Intermediate Layer Anterior Forearm Muscles

Back 5

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Front 6

Name the Deep Layer Anterior Forearm Muscles

Back 6

Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus

Front 7

Describe the Pronator Teres

Back 7

(humeral & ulnar heads)
To lateral shaft of radius.
Pronates forearm, flexes elbow.

Front 8

Describe the Flexor Carpi Radialis

Back 8

To base of 2nd metacarpal.
Flexes and helps abduct the wrist.

Front 9

Describe the Palmaris Longus

Back 9

To apex of palmar aponeurosis.
Tenses palmar skin, flexes wrist.

Front 10

Describe the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Back 10

(humeral & ulnar heads)
To pisiform, hook of hamate, 5th metacarpal.
Flexes and helps adduct the wrist.

Front 11

Describe the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Back 11

(humero-ulnar & radial heads)
From common flexor origin, coronoid process of ulna, and anterior radial shaft; 4 tendons to middle phalanges of digits 2-5.

Flexes wrist; flexes digits 2-5 at metacarpophalangeal (MP) and proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints.

Front 12

Describe the Flexor Digitorum Profundus

Back 12

From ulna and interosseous membrane (IM); 4 tendons to distal phalanges of digits 2-5.

Flexes wrist; flexes digits 2-5 at MP, PIP, and distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints.

Front 13

Describe the Flexor Pollicis Longus

Back 13

From radius and IM to distal phalanx of thumb.

Flexes thumb at MP and interphalangeal (IP) joints.

Front 14

Describe the Pronator Quadratus

Back 14

From distal ulna to distal radius.

Pronates forearm.

Front 15

Describe Median Nerve Anterior Forearm Innervation

Back 15

(C6-8,T1)
To all anterior forearm muscles EXCEPT flexor carpi ulnaris and medial ½ of flexor digitorum profundus.

Anterior interosseous branch to deep muscles.

Front 16

Describe Ulnar Nerve Anterior Forearm Innervation

Back 16

(C8,T1)
To FCU and medial ½ of FDP

Front 17

Describe Two Nerve Entrapment Syndromes

Back 17

Pronator Teres Syndrome: Median nerve entrapment; Pain across forearm, palm of hand

Cubital Tunnel Syndrome: Ulnar nerve entrapment; Pain from 4th digit to Elbow

Front 18

Describe the Radial Artery in the Forearm

Back 18

Anterior forearm
palpable at anterior wrist; deep to radial collateral lig. of wrist; in anatomical snuffbox; pierces 1st dorsal interosseous m.; forms deep palmar arch

Front 19

Describe the Radial Recurrent Artery in the Forearm

Back 19

connects to anterior branch (radial collateral artery) of profunda brachii artery at lateral elbow

Front 20

Describe the Ulnar Artery in the Forearm

Back 20

Anterior interosseous artery from common interosseous artery to deep anterior forearm.
Anterior and posterior ulnar recurrent arteries to medial elbow.
Posterior interosseous artery
Interosseous recurrent artery
Dorsal and palmar carpal branches

Front 21

Describe venae comitantes

Back 21

Deep veins that accompany radial and ulnar arteries.

Front 22

Between what tendons at the wrist would you find the radial artery to take a pulse?

Back 22

Flexor Carpi Radialis Tendon and Brachioradialis Tendon

Front 23

Lateral Forearm Muscle Attachment and Innervation

Back 23

Both from lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus; both innervated by radial nerve

Front 24

Describe the Brachioradialis

Back 24

lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus to distal radius.

Flexes elbow in midpronated position.

Front 25

Describe the Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Back 25

lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus to base of 2nd metacarpal.

Extends and helps abduct the wrist.

Front 26

Describe a Brachioradialis Tendon Reflex

Back 26

(C5,C6,C7)
Tapping the brachioradialis tendon elicits supination of the radioulnar joints.

Front 27

Name the Posterior Forearm Muscle Layers

Back 27

Superficial layer and Deep Layer

Front 28

List the Superficial Layer of Posterior Forearm Muscles

Back 28

Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor carpi ulnaris

Front 29

List the Deep Layer of Posterior Forearm Muscles

Back 29

Supinator
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor indicis

Front 30

Name the Superficial Layer of Posterior Forearm Muscles Common Attachment

Back 30

All attached proximally to a common extensor origin on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus.

Front 31

Describe the Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Back 31

To base of 3rd metacarpal.

Extends and helps abduct the wrist.

Front 32

Describe the Extensor digitorum

Back 32

4 tendons to extensor expansions of digits 2-5.

Extends wrist and digits 2-5 at MP, PIP, and DIP joints.

Front 33

Describe the Extensor digiti minimi

Back 33

To extensor expansion of 5th digit.

Extends 5th digit at MP, PIP, and DIP joints.

Front 34

Describe the Extensor carpi ulnaris

Back 34

To base of 5th metacarpal.

Extends and helps adduct wrist.

Front 35

Describe the Supinator

Back 35

From lateral epicondyle of humerus, and ulna to proximal ⅓ of radius.

Supinates forearm.

Front 36

Describe the Abductor pollicis longus

Back 36

From ulna, IM, and radius to base of 1st metacarpal.

Abducts thumb.

Front 37

Describe the Extensor pollicis brevis

Back 37

From radius and IM to proximal phalanx of thumb.

Extends thumb at MP joint.

Front 38

Describe the Extensor pollicis longus

Back 38

From ulna and IM to distal phalanx of thumb.

Extends thumb at MP and IP joints.

Front 39

Describe the Extensor indicis

Back 39

From ulna and IM to extensor expansion of 2nd digit.

Extends wrist and index finger.

Front 40

**Describe Lateral and Posterior Forearm Innervation

Back 40

Radial Nerve: To lateral two muscles (brachioradialis and extensor carpi radialis longus)

Deep radial Nerve: To superficial posterior muscles and supinator muscle

Posterior interosseous Nerve: (continuation of deep radial n.) To deep posterior muscles. except supinator m.

Front 41

Describe the Ulnar Artery in the Posterior Forearm

Back 41

Posterior interosseous artery: from the common interosseous artery

Interosseous recurrent artery to the posterior lateral elbow

Perforating branch of anterior interosseous artery (thru the IM to the posterior forearm and wrist)

Front 42

Radioulnar Joint Type

Back 42

Pivot Joints

Front 43

Describe the Proximal Radioulnar Joint

Back 43

Articulation: Head of the radius with the radial notch of the ulna.

Ligaments: Anular ligament forms a collar around the head of the radius.

Front 44

Describe the Distal Radioulnar Joint

Back 44

Articulation: Head of the ulna with the ulnar notch of the radius.

Ligaments: Weak anterior and posterior ligaments; Triangular fibrocartilage articular disc (triangular “ligament”) binds the radius and ulna together.

Front 45

Describe Movements at Radioulnar Joints

Back 45

Head of the radius rotates within a ring formed by the anular ligament and the radial notch of the ulna.

Pronation: Pronator Teres and Pronator Quadratus Contract

Supination:Supinator and biceps brachii contract

Front 46

Describe Radial Head Subluxation

Back 46

"Nursemaid's elbow"
occurs when a child is lifted by their pronated forearm, wrist, or hand, pulling the head of the radius out of the anular ligament.