Foot

Front 1

Extensor Digitorum Brevis

Back 1

Origin: Superolateral calcaneal surface

Insertion: 1st digit: base of proximal phalanx, and 2nd-4th digits: lateral sides of the long digital tendons

Innervation: Deep Fibular Nerve (S1, S2)

Blood Supply: Dorsalis pedis

Function: Extension of the 1st digit at MTP joint, and Extension of digits 2-4 at MTP joint

Front 2

Abductor Hallucis

Back 2

Origin: Medial process of calcaneal tuberosity

Insertion: Medial side of base of 1st proximal phalanx

Innervation: Medial plantar nerve (S1, S2, S3)

Blood Supply: Medial Plantar artery

Function: Abducts big toe, flexes first digit at the MTP joint

Front 3

Flexor Digitorum Brevis

Back 3

Origin: Medial process of calcaneal tuberosity and Plantar aponeurosis

Insertion: Sides of the middle phalanges of lateral four toes

Innervation: Medial plantar nerve (S1, S2, S3)

Blood Supply: Medial and lateral plantar arteries

Function: Flexes lateral four toes at PIP joint

Front 4

Abductor Digiti Minimi

Back 4

Origin: Medial and lateral processes of calcaneal tuberosity and Underlying connective tissue

Insertion: Lateral side of base of 5th proximal phalanx

Innervation: Lateral Plantar Nerve (S1, S2, S3)

Blood Supply: Medial and lateral plantar arteries

Function: Abducts 5th digit

Front 5

Quadratus Plantae

Back 5

Origin: Medial Head: medial calcaneal surface, inferior to sustentaculum tali Lateral Head: inferior calcaneus, anterior to lateral process

Insertion:Lateral side of flexor digitorum longus tendon

Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve [S1, S2, S3]

Blood Supply: Medial and Lateral plantar arteries

Function: Assists flexor digtorum longus to flex lateral toes

Front 6

Lumbricals

Back 6

Origin: Tendons of flexor digitorum longus
1st lumbrical: Medial side of FDL tendon of 2nd digit
2nd-4th: Adjacent sides of the FDL tendons of digits 2-5

Insertion: Medial free margins of the extensor hoods of digits 2-5

Innervation: 1st Lumbrical: Medial plantar nerve
2nd-4th Lumbrical: Lateral Plantar Nerve
BOTH: [S2,S3]

Blood Supply: Medial and Lateral plantar artery

Function: Extension of the IP joints and flexion of the MTP joints. Helps resist to over flex at the IP and over extend at the MTP following heel off. (help forefoot grip the ground)

Front 7

Flexor Digit Minimi

Back 7

Origin: Base of MT 5

Insertion: Lateral side of base of 5th proximal phalanx

Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve [S2,S3]

Blood Supply: Lateral plantar artery

Function: Flex the 5th digit at the MTP joint

Front 8

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

Back 8

Origin: Medial Head: tendon of tibialis posterior
Lateral Head: plantar surface of the cuboid and adjacent lateral cuneiform

Insertion: Ipsilateral proximal phalanx base of 1st digit

Innervation: Medial plantar nerve [S1], S2

Blood Supply: Medial and lateral plantar arteries

Function: MTP flexion of 1st digit

Front 9

Adductor Hallucis

Back 9

Origin: Transverse: plantar ligaments of lateral 3 toes and associated deep transverse MT ligaments. Oblique: plantar surface of MT 2-4 bases

Insertion: Lateral side of base of MT 1 and insert on the lateral sesamoid bone which is found in the tendon of hallucis brevis

Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve [S2, S3]

Blood Supply: Medial and lateral plantar arteries

Function: Adduct 1st digit at MTP joint

Front 10

Dorsal Interossei

Back 10

Origin: Adjacent sides of their respective MT bones

Insertion: Extensor hoods and bases of the proximal phalanges of digits 2-5

Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve [S2, S3]
1st and 2nd: also deep fibular nerve [S2,S3]

Blood Supply: Branches of the arcuate artery

Function: abduct lateral toes, resist extension at MTP joints and resist flexion at IP joints. Occurs during heel off (works with lumbricals)

Front 11

Plantar Interossei

Back 11

Origin: Medial sides of MT 3-5

Insertion: Medial side of corresponding proximal phalanx and associate extensor hood

Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve [S2, S3]

Blood Supply: Lateral plantar artery

Function: adduct lateral 3 toes, resist extension at MTP joints and resist over flexion at the IP joints