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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Keystone of the foot?
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Cuboid Bone
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What supports the plantar longitudinal arch?
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The Plantar aponeurosis
Plantar calcaneonavicular (spring ligament) Short (calcaneocuboid) and long plantar ligaments |
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How many Layers of muscle in the foot exist?
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4 Layers
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Layer 1 of foot muscles?
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Two Abductors
Abductor hallucis Abductor digiti minimi One flexor Flexor digitorum brevis |
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Layer 2 of foot muscles
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Quadratus plantae
4 Lumbricals Long flexor tendons |
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What layer of the foot muscles can be palpated? What muscles exist?
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Layer One
Two Abductors Abductor hallucis Abductor digiti minimi One flexor Flexor digitorum brevis |
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What muscle in the foot aids the Flexor digitorum longus? What does it do?
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Quadratus plantae - unique to the foot
Attach from calcaneous to FDL to help straighten out the pull of the muscle |
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Deep plantar arch is a branch of what artery?
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Posterior Tibial artery
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Where does the deep fibular nerve innervate cutaneously?
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inbetween great toe and 2nd digit of foot
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If there was a lesion in the Tibial n. where would the deficit manifest?
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Lesion of n. in tarsal tunnel - likely to see deficit in all muscles of foot and both distributions of lateral and medial supply
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What muscles does the plantar n. in the foot innervate?
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Flexor digitorum brevis
Flexor hallucis brevis Abductor hallucis 1st lumbrical |
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What does the lateral plantar n. innervate?
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lateral plantar nerve (similar to the ulnar nerve in the hand) innervates all the rest of the intrinsic muscles of the foot
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Location of the Dorsalis pedis a.?
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Palpable lateral to extensor hallucis longus and medial to extensor digitorum longus tendon
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What is Talipes equinovarus?
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Common anomaly
1 in 1000 births Abnormal position of the foot that prevents normal weight bearing Child tends to walk on the ankle Talipes equinovarus is the most common type of clubfoot Sole of the foot is turned medially and foot is inverted Treated by stretching and serial casting most often May require surgery |
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most common fracture in the foot bones? What muscle attaches to the bone?
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Fracture of 5th metatarsal
Avulsion fracture over 90% Fibularis (peroneus) Brevis |
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Keystone of medial longitudinal arch?
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Talus
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Keystone of the transverse arch?
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Intermediate cuneiform?
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What provides Dynamic/ Active support of the foot?
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Tendons and muscles
Tibialis Anterior and Posterior tendons Fibularis longus tendons |
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Deviation of the 1st toe is called?
causation? |
Halux Valgus
Congenital Environmental - poor footwear |
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Plantar Aponeurosis
length function |
Calcaneal tuberosity
connects to bone and ligaments of toes supports longitudinal arch of foot and protects deeper structures |
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A patient presents with a pain on the heel on sole of the foot. The pain is dull and intermittent after resting, but becomes sharp and persistant. The patient presents with tight calf muscles. What does she have most likely?
Causation? |
Plantar Fasciitis
Flat (pronated) feet High arch (supinated) feet large weight gain in short period poor shoes |
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If left untreated, what will plantar fasciitis lead to? Location of insult?
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heel spur
Calcaneal spur Located at the attachment of the plantar aponeurosis to the calcaneus |
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what structures in the foot reduces friction in the flexor tendons?
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Fibrous synovial sheaths with inner synovial sheaths attach to tendons. Sheaths reduce friction
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What attaches to the extensor hoods of the foot?
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intrinsic muscles of foot
interossei lumbricals (arranged similar to hand) |
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flexor digitorum
brevis inn blood length action |
inn; medial plantar
nerve blood: medial and lateral plantar aa. length: tuberosity of the calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis - middle phalanx of digits 2-5 action: Flex MTP and Proximal IP joints |
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Give the path of the arteries of the sole of the foot starting at the calcaneus and ending at the toes
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1. posterior tibial a.
2. plantar arch 3. plantar metatarsal a. 4. common digital and digital aa. |
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Path of arteries in dorsum of foot?
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1. Anterior Tibial a.
2. Dorsalis pedis a. 3. Arcuate a. |
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Superficial veins in dorsum of foot
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1. Dorsal venous arch
2. great saphenous (medial) and lesser saphenous vv. |
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Innervation of the dorsum of the foot
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1. Saphenous n.(S1-2) - medial anterior foot
2. Superficial fibular n. (L4-S1) - most of dorsal foot. except b/t 1 and 2 toes 3. Deep fibular n. (L5) -B/T 1 and 2 toes 4. Sural n. (S1-S2) - lateral portion foot |
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Saphenous n. roots?
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1. Saphenous n.(S1-2)
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Superficial fibular n. roots?
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2. Superficial fibular n. (L4-S1)
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Deep fibular n. roots?
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3. Deep fibular n. (L5)
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Sural n. roots?
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4. Sural n. (S1-S2)
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Innervation of plantar aspect of foot
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1. Medial Plantar n. (L4-5)
2. Saphenous n. (L3-4) 3. Tibial n. (L4-5) 4. Sural n. (S1-S2) 5. Lateral plantar n. (S1-2) |
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If there is a Lesion of n. in tarsal tunnel likely to see deficit in what muscles?
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Injury to Tibial n. in tarsal tunnel
all muscles of foot and both distributions of lateral and medial locations |
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Cutaneous branch of what nerve is superficial to calcaneous bone? What is the paired artery?
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Calcaneal br. of tibial n. and posterior tibial a.
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Where would pain be felt in the case of ossification of plantar aponeurosis from prolonged plantar fasciitis
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Calcaneal br. of tibial n.
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What is pes planus?
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Flat feet
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What nerves innervate the foot? What do these nerves branch from?
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Lateral and medial plantar nn.
Br. of Tibial n. |
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Morton's Neuroma
Nerve affected Location Cause |
Common plantar n.
between 2 and 3 or 3 and 4 metatarsal bones Running can lead to the pinching of the common plantar n between metatarsal bones. |
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if the Medial Plantar n. was injured in a kickboxing match, what muscles would be affected?
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aBductor hallucis
Flexor digitorum brevis Flexor Hallucis brevis 1st lumbrical |
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What functions of the foot would be affected by loss in medial plantar n.?
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Abduction big toe
Flexion MTP and Proximal IP joint Flex MTP of 1st toe Extend Distal IP joint 2 |
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Tibial n. compression commonly occurs where? What are symptoms
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Compression in tarsal tunnel adjacent to medial malleolus
pain and parasthesia in sole of foot Weak intrinsic muscles of foot |
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Extensor digitorum brevis
inn Blood Length Action |
inn - Deep fibular n.
Blood - Dorsalis pedis a. Length - Calcaneus - Tendon of Extensor dig. longus Action - extend toes 1-4 |
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Extensor hallucis brevis
inn Blood Length Action |
inn - Deep fibular n.
Blood - Dorsalis pedis a. Length - Calcaneus - base 1st phalanx Action - extend 1st digit |
