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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The main function of food is to provide us with _____ in the form of calories (kilocalories)
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energy
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Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and ______ provide calories
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alchol
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No vitamains and minerals can lead to
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Deficiency Diseases
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does not provide energy but does avert or decrease some problems
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Dietary Fiber
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Proteins that the body can't synthesize
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Essential amino acids
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Lysine, methionine, tryptophan, valine are
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Essential Amino acids
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Excessive protein consumption may result in
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Lack of glucose for the brain
Ketoacidosis (excess ketones) High urea in urine |
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Recomended Protein for Men and Women
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Men:.9g
Women .8g |
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Protein's should make up what percent of caloric intake
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10-15%
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Required in the diet for absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and because they aren’t synthesized by the body
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Essential Fatty acids
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Required for proper brain function and to produce key hormones
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Sterols
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Progesterone and testosterone examples of
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Sterols
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Water soluble substances that transport fat and cholesterol in blood
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Lipoproteins
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Carries cholesterol from liver to body cells
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Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)
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Carry cholesterol and TGs from liver to body
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Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs)
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Carry cholesterol back to the liver
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High-density lipoproteins (HDLs)
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Consequences of Excessive lipids
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heart disease
Obesity |
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Recommended Lipid Intake
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<= 30% of calories from total fat
<= 10% of cal. from sat. fat no more than 300 mg of cholesterol |
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an animal starch stored in muscles as a source of energy
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Glycogen
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When glycogen requirements are met, excess ______is converted to fat
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Glucose
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Excessive Carbohydrates also cause
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Dental caries
Diabetes |
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Recommended Carbohydrate Intake
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Lower limit: 55% of caloric intake
Upper limit: 75% of caloric intake Sugars: <10% of caloric intake Fiber: 20-35 g/day |
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cofactors for enzymes and affect metabolism
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Vitamins
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B-vitamins and vitamin C are ____ soluable
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Water
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A, D, E, and K vitamins are ___ soluable
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Fat
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are also cofactors or key parts of the body (bone, blood)
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Minerals
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3 overconsumed things
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Lipid soluble vitamins,Water soluble vitamins,Excess iron interferes
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Hypercalcemia is caused by
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Vitamin D
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Excess iron interferes with
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absorption of zinc
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Excessive Alchol consumption causes
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Weight gain
Impaired motor skills Poor judgement |
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An alchol provides 7 kcal/gram and is the fourth source of calories
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Ethanol
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Grains are a source of
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carbohydrates and dietary fiber
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removes dietary fiber so many people now seek whole grain products
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Milling
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Vegetables provide
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minerals, vitamins, and dietary fiber
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Vegetable fiber is high in ____ and lower in ____ than fiber from grain
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pectin
cellulose |
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high in moisture and low in fat and sugar
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Vegetables
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contribute vitamins, minerals and fiber to the diet
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Fruits
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have more sugar and less starch than vegetables
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Fruits
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Processed juices have less ____ ____ than whole fruits
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Dietary Fiber
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Milk products are high in
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calcium, protein, potassium and vitamin D
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Many cheeses are high in ___
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Fat
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___ is low in lactose but delivers calcium and vitamin D
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Yogurt
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Protein is the primary nutrient delivered by this group
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Meat and Beans
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Many ____ and _____ are rich in B-vitamins, iron and zinc
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Meat and Beans
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_______products tend to be higher in fat, minerals, and balanced proteins
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Animal
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Fats have higher levels of _______ _____ than oils
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Saturated Fats
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Peanuts, soybeans, sunflower seeds and canola seeds are sources of _____
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oils
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Oils provide _____ _____ acids and are needed for absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
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Essential Fatty
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Food processing may diminish some nutrients, but ________is also possible to replace losses
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Enrichment
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The primary purposes of processing
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increase shelf life
Safety reduce waste |
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The degree to which nutrients are digested and absorbed
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Bioavailability
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Largely responsible for the digestion of food molecules into absorbable units
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Enzymes
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Protein molecules that cause chemical reactions to occur without being altered in the process
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Enzymes
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Things that end in "ase" are usually
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Enzymes
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Occurs when digested nutrients enter the bloodstream through capillaries of the small intestine
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Absorption
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Nutrients must pass through _____ cells lining the intestine
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Mucosal
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The delivery of nutrients and oxygen to all of the body’s cells by the vascular (aka circulatory) system
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Transport
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Exchange of nutrients and wastes takes place across the walls of ______
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Capillaries
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Digestive Disorders
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Constipation
Irritable bowel syndrome Flatulence/belching Acid reflux Ulcers (Helicobacter pylori) |
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Reduced intake of calories may be due to
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Starvation
Anorexia Bulimia Kwashiorkor (limited protein) Marasmus |
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Deficiency Diseases
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Anemia: iron
Beriberi: thiamin Goiter: iodine Osteoporosis: calcium Rickets: vitamin D Scurvy: vitamin C |
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Anemia:
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iron
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Beriberi:
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thiamin
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Goiter:
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iodine
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Osteoporosis:
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calcium
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Rickets:
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vitamin D
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Scurvy:
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vitamin C
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