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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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America farm Bureau Federation
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General Farm Organization
-largest most established, 3.5 million members -concerned with large scale farmers -conservative -80 years old [1920] |
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national farmers union (NFU)
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opposite of American Farm Bureau Federation
General Farm Organization -300,000 members -Family farmer focus -originators of "parity price" Democratic |
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National Farmers Organization (NFO)
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General Farm Organization
-1955 as a response to depressed commodity prices -wants to higher price for basic commodities (milk, cattle, pigs) -often lines with NFU -membership size unknown |
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American Agricultural Movement (AAM)
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General Farm Organization
-newest farm org - 1977 as a protest group to declining farm prices, increasing farm debt, and depressed farm income -rep's family farms and commodity producers -moderate views |
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The National Grange
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General Farm Organization
-1867, one of the oldest -focuses on rural community issues -supports farm price supports, but wants them targeted to small farmers - |
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National Association of Wheat Growers (NAWG)
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Commodity Producer Group
-1950 -LARGE (85% of the wheat grown in the US is grown by ppl in this group_ -price supports for wheat, wheat export programs, disaster relief |
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National Cattlemen's Association (NCA)
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Commodity Producer Group
-largest commodity group in US -250,000 members -conservative -attempts to improve members' market effectiveness, and win public respect |
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National Corn Growers' Association (NCGA)
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Commodity Producer Group
-Midwest/Great Plain -1950s, but became big in the last 20 years -higher price supports/income supports, higher everything |
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American Soybean Association (ASA)
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Commodity Producer Group
-1920 -conservative |
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difference of wholesalers vs. retailers
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wholesalers- want to increase sales volume
retailers - want to purchase commodities at the lowest price possible |
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US Farm Bill: Trade Title
Increases ____ and ____ of American products in foreign markets |
availability and viability
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McGovern-Dole Program feeds needy children and does what else?
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gets them to go to school
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What are the 5 forces that shape food policy?
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instability[primary factor], technology, globalization, food safety, environmental constraints, industrialization and other factors
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5 market failures and how to redress them
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Monopolies-regulation, Public Goods-?, Externalities-regulation with permits, information failures-mandatory disclosure, incomplete markets-gov can supply
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Jeffersonian
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-Agriculture is the basic occupation of mankind
-Rural life is morally superior to urban life -A nation of small independent farmers is the most democratic society |
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Hamiltonian
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-Progress requires that agricultural production mimic factory production
-Agriculture is a business like any other -the big and strong should survive, Markets will decide |
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Senate
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100 member
elected every 6 years VP votes if tied Ag. committee- 1 from N.E. |
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H.O.R
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435 members
elected every 2 years Agriculture committee-none from N.E. |
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Judicial Branch
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Can decide if laws violate the Constitution through judicial review.
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6 Steps of Policy Making
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1-Draft Bill- done by congress
2- Consideration by Committee- Agricultural committee shapes this, Executive branch can only make suggestions 3-Approval by Committee 4-Floor Action- Entire members of HOR and Senate vote [separately] 5-Conference Committee: HOR and Senate work out differences and send back for re-vote 6- President signs or vetoes, can be nulled with 2/3 vote |
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how might interest groups influence policy debates?
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-identify problems, advance solutions
-affect results of elections -appointments to key positions -influence votes on issues or bills |
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What networking strategies might interest groups use to recruit other groups?
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compromise
horse trading (tit-for-tat) coalitions (alliances to attain a goal) logrolling(progressively building support) |
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Can the supreme court decide whether an issue needs to be funded at the state or federal level?
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yes
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the department of justice is the only department to straddle two departments of government. t/f?
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FALSE
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Congressional committee chairmen seats are split depending on their political affiliation. t/f?
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False, whatever party holds 51 seats in the Senate essentially controls the chair seats
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When was parity price introduced?
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1920's
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when was the first farm bill?
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1930s
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What did Packers and Stockyards Act provide?
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honest and fair market mechanisms for farmers and also increased the quality of food for consumers
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When was parity price introduced?
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1920's
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when was the first farm bill?
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1930s
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What did Packers and Stockyards Act provide?
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honest and fair market mechanisms for farmers and also increased the quality of food for consumers
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What % of ppl are hungry in the US?
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11%
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When/Why did the first farm groups come together
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1870's for Shea's rebellion. They came from grassroot protests
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define asset fixity
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it is the notion that farmers will continue to farm the same things even when prices drop because it is harder/takes longer/more expensive to switch their assests
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Because the us is a net exporter . . .
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taxpayers foot the bill over consumers
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similarities in protection levels are perhaps more visible for the same. . .
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commodities across countries
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Cargill is:
largest what? what type of company? advocate of? lobbying status? |
• Largest privately held company is America
• World’s biggest grain trading company • Handles 25% of America’s grain exports, and buys, sorts, and sells a host of other commodities • Keeps profits low but has doubled its net worth on average every 6 years • Advocate of free markets but is the largest recipient of export subsidies • Not a very big lobbyer, stays out of politics more than ADM |
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ADM is:
what type of company? two largest products? lobbying status? supports what? |
• Largest grain processor
• Two of their largest earners are byproducts of corn – fructose and ethanol, development of these markets helped by gov support. • Assiduous lobbyist of Congress • Supporter of sugar program • Has stakes in British companies, therefore both sides of the world • ADM lobbied for the push of Ethanol is gasoline, doesn’t help environment |
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1776-1929
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Land Settlement:
Homestead Act, Lincoln creates USDA, Land grant colleges --NO MARKET POLICIES DURING THIS TIME |
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1929-1954
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New Deal Era:
First Farm Bill 1933, introduction of the parity price, purchase program and price support loans. So control supply they introduces acreage allotment and marketing quotas |
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1954-1970
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land retirement and PL480 (food for Peace)
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who benefited from PL 480?
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harmed: farmers in developing country
benefited: the companies that ship the food, US gov bc they gain a good reputation, the people in the capitals who were receiving the cheap grain |
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1970-1996
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Coupled Direct Payments:
move from price support to income support for farmers. lots of technicalities |
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1996-2002
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De-Coupling:
de-regulation, disengagement "freedom to farm" decoupling transition payments |
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2002-2007
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record $100 billion over 6 years, Farm security and Rural investment Act
reversal of disengagement increases food stamps |
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The new Farm Bill Details:
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major political forces shaping it. WTO negotiations taken into account, environmental lobbies, rifts in commodies
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who benefited from PL 480?
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harmed: farmers in developing country
benefited: the companies that ship the food, US gov bc they gain a good reputation, the people in the capitals who were receiving the cheap grain |
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1970-1996
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Coupled Direct Payments:
move from price support to income support for farmers. lots of technicalities |
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1996-2002
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De-Coupling:
de-regulation, disengagement "freedom to farm" decoupling transition payments |
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2002-2007
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record $100 billion over 6 years, Farm security and Rural investment Act
reversal of disengagement increases food stamps |
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The new Farm Bill Details:
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major political forces shaping it. WTO negotiations taken into account, environmental lobbies, rifts in commodies
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list our natural resources
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land, forests, water, minerals, oil & gas, water, wildlife, biodiversity
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what is the big picture problem with population increases
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it puts pressure on nautral resources as markets don't allocate resources in a manner that is best for the long-term society as a whole
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what is the big picture problem with externalities
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the individual realizes it will someday die but does not think about the future future
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what is the big picture problem with private vs public goods?
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we need to find out what shouldb e a public good. farming, water, farming resources, biodiversity?
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key farming problems(5)
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conversion of natural land to farm land
farm land preservation vs. farm land development soil quality, soil loss water quality/availibility threats to biodiversity |
