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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Does Salmonella grow well at 5 degrees C? Explain.
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No very slow growth
Optimum growth temp. 35-37 C |
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what is the #1 food handling mistake contributing to outbreaks of Salmonellosis?
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Improper Heating
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What are the Factors influencing salmonella infection?
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1)Viability of serotype/strain
and virulence 2)# of cells ingested 3)Host resistance factors |
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what are some examples of host resistance factors?
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underlying causes (illness)
Age Underlying nutrition |
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Salmonella has two infectious modes, what are they?
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1) Non-invasive
2) Invasive |
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what is the mode of action of Non-invasive Salmonella in the human Body?
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1)doesn't go beyond the intestinal tract
2)cells reach lumen & multiple 3)gets into the lamina propria and stays there 4)seldom reaches the blood stream |
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what is the name of the most common non-invasive salmonella pathogen?
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S. typhimurium
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what is the incubation period of non-invasive salmonella? (S.typhimurium)
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6 - 72 hours
usually 24 - 36 hours |
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what is the primary condition of non-invasive salmonella ?
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causes gastroenteritis
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What are the symptoms of Gastroenteritis? (typical food-borne illness symptoms)
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abdominal cramps
nausea vomiting diarrhea dehydration mild fever convulsions |
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what are the most common forms of Invasive Salmonella?
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Salmonella typhi
Salmonella paratyphi(s) - A = schottmuelleri - B hirschfeldii |
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what condition results from invasive Salmonella?
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causes typhoidal syndrome
S.typhi gets into the blood stream |
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what is the mode of action for Invasive salmonella?
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1)penetrate the epithelials cells of small intestine
2)pass into lymphatic system 3)phagocytosed by, multiply within, then spill out of macrophages into bld |
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what is the incubation period on Invasive salmonellosis?
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3 - 28 days
usually 14 days |
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what is the mortality associated with S.typhi and how is it diagnosed?
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4%
diagnosed by way of blood sample |
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what are the symptoms of Typhoidal Syndrome?
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fever rise to 39 - 40.5 C
weakness confusion delirium bronchitis nose bleed rose spots diarrhea or constipation |
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what might further complicate typhoidal syndrome?
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localized infections
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Examples of localized infections include.
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appendicitis
pleurisy endocarditis cholecystitis abscesses UTI osteomyelitis |
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list the 3 strains of Salmonella.
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Man Adapted
hosts adapted unadapted - (2500 serotypes) |
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what are examples of serotypes that are adapted to man?
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typhi group
paratypi group |
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examples of host adapted serotypes.
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pullorum - chicken
gallinarum - chicken dublin - cattle, milk abortus-equis - horse meat cholerasuis - pigs salmonella puna - turtle |
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name the top two Salmonella isolates of the top 10 in Ontario.
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Typhimurium - 2434 - 18.6%
Enteritidis - 2392 - 18.3% |
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what is the #1 food associated with salmonella?
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poultry
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what are the 2 species of salmonella that Agriculture Canada monitors for?
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S.pullorum
S.gallinarum |
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what is the ideal pH range for Salmonella growth?
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4 - 9
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At what temperature are most salmonella destroyed?
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1-15 mins at 60 C
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at what water activity does salmonella grow well?
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0.945 - 0.999
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what is the Eh growth condition?
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aerobic or anaerobic
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Is salmonella a good competitor?
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no not a good competitor,ie dies off during fermentation of salami
cannot tolerate high salt conc. |
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what are the 4 main factors contributing to outbreaks of salmonellosis?
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Improper heating(cooking) 55.3%
Inadequate storage 34.4% Cross contamination 34.0% Raw ingredient 33.7% |
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what does DT104 mean?
what serotype is this? |
Antibiotic resistant
Salmonella Typhimurium |
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Is DT104 treatable?
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No, once it becomes systemic infection is untreatable
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what are some of the integrated controls used on farms and Food processing plants?
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1)ntrol Salmonella in Breeders(parents) of Broilers
2)all sorts of initial test in farms 3)Labelling (salmonella free) |
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how can Salmonella be transmitted from Breeder to Broiler?
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Vertical Transmission
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what does transovarian mean?
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already in the yolk
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what is another mode of transmission of salmonella on the farm?
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contamination of drinking water through faeces.
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why do salmonella not grow well on raw meat?
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its not a good competitor
raw meat has lots of bacteria and other pathogens |
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what tpye of bacteria is Salmonella?
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Gram (-ve) negative
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what kinds of food products can Salmonella Typhimurium be found in?
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raw unpasteurized milk
other diary products |
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what is the most common food product source for Salmonella enteritidis?
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raw shell eggs
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