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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an element?
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an element is a type of atom that is distinguished by its atomic number; that is, by the number of protons in its nucleus.
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What are the common elements used in biology and what are their symbols?
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Phosphorus P
Chlorine Cl Iodine I Carbon C Nitrogen N Oxygen O Hydrogen H Magnesium Mg Sodium (Natrium) Na Calcium (Lime) Ca Sulfur (Brimstone) S Potassium (Kalium) K Iron (Ferrum) Fe |
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What is an atom?
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an atom is the smallest particle still characterizing a chemical element.
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What are the parts of the atom?
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The parts are the electrons, protons, and neutrons.
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What are the subatomic particles?
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A subatomic particle is an elementary or composite particle smaller than an atom.
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What are the characteristics of atom or subatomic particles?
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Subatomic particles include the atomic constituents electrons, protons, and neutrons.
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What is an ion?
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An ion is an atom or molecule which has lost or gained one or more electrons
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What is a molecule?
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A molecule is a stable electrically neutral group of at least two atoms, held together by a chemical bonds
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What is a compound?
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A chemical compound is a substance consisting of two or more different elements chemically bonded together.
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What are the types of chemical bonds?
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1) Covalent bond
2) Ionic bond 3) Hydrogen bond |
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What atomic particle plays a role in chemical bonds?
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Electron
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What is an ionic bond?
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Ionic bond: occurs when positively charged and negatively charged ions are attracted to each other
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What is a covalent bond?
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Covalent bond: atoms form a molecule by sharing one or more pairs of their outer electrons. (strong bond)
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What is a hydrogen bond?
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Form when a hydrogen atom with a partial + charge attracts the partial – charge of neighboring electronegative atoms.
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What bond is used to hold large biological molecules together?
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covalent bond
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What bond is used to hold inorganic molecules together?
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ionic or covalent bonds
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What bond is weak, but in large numbers can have a large effect on molecules?
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hydrogen bond
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What are polar covalent bonds?
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Polar covalent bonding is intermediate in character between a covalent and an ionic bond.
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What are non-polar covalent bonds?
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A non-polar compound occurs when there is an equal sharing of electrons between two atoms.
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How do molecules with polar covalent bonds act in water?
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Polar molecules are generally able to dissolve in water (H2O) due to the polar nature of water.
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How do molecules with non-polar covalent bonds act in water?
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Most non-polar molecules are water insoluble (hydrophobic) at room temperature.
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What is a chemical reaction?
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A chemical reaction is a process that always results in the interconversion of chemical substances.
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How do chemical Reaction relate to energy?
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Activation energy: energy needed to start a chemical reaction
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What are the types of chemical reactions?
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1) Chemical Reactions Energy
2) Synthesis Reactions 3) Decomposition Reactions 4) Exchange Reaction 5) Reversible Reactions |
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What are the differences between organic and inorganic molecules?
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The lack of Carbon in inorganic
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What are examples of inorganic molecules?
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1) Water 5) Acids
2) Acidic Solution 6) Basic 3) Bases/Alkaline solution 4) Salts |
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What are examples of organic molecules?
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1) Carbohydrates
2) Lipids |
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Why is water essential for living things?
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1) a vital compound for life
2) An excellent solvent 3) Participates in chemical reactions = hydrolysis 4) Absorbs and releases heat very slowly 5) Requires are large amount of heat to change from a liquid to a gas 6) Serves as a lubricant |
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What is a solute?
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a solute is dissolved in another substance, known as a solvent.
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What is a solvent?
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A solvent is a liquid that dissolves a solid, liquid, or gaseous solute, resulting in a solution.
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What is a solution?
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a solution is a mixture composed of two or more substances.
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What is dehydration synthesis?
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A dehydration synthesis is a chemical reaction in which two molecules or moieties combine to form one single molecule, together with the loss of a water molecule
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What is hydrolysis?
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Process in which a chemical compound is broken down by reaction with water.
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What sorts of fluids act as lubricants in the body?
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H2O
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How can we measure the acidity or alkalinity?
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pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.
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What is an acid?
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Acids: substances that break apart or dissociate into one or more Hydrogen ions when dissolved in water
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What is a base?
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Bases: substances that dissociate into one or more hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water
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What is a salt?
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Salts: dissociate into both + and – ions in water, neither is H+ or OH-
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What is the pH scale used for?
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measure the acidity or alkalinity
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Acidic Solution
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Acidic Solution: a solution that has more H+ than OH- (pH below 7)
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Basic/Alkaline solution
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Basic/Alkaline solution: a solution that has more OH- than H+ (pH above 7)
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