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113 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the most common method today for ID?
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Ear Tag
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What type is commonly used in dairy cattle?
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Neck Chain & Tag
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What is the oldest method in use today?
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Branding
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What are the 3 effects of stress on cattle?
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Reduce weight gain
Poor reproductive performance Reduces ability to fight disease |
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What are some common cattle behavior?
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Panoramic vision, Follow the leader, Agitated if isolated
Long memories, Will balk at sun or flapping moving object. |
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Where is the Point of Balance?
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At the shoulders
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Name some restraint devices.
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Halter (leather, rope, nylon)
Chain chin strap Nosetongs Stock Prod |
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What is used to prevent kicking?
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Tail Twitch
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Name the different types of squeeze chutes.
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Self Catcher, Scissors Stanchion, Positive, Full Open Stanchion
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In cattle stomach what is the most cranial "honeycomb"?
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Reticulum
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What is the large muscular part that extends from the diaphragm to pelvis, and is the fermenting vat for feed.
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Rumen
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Which part is right of the rumen, caudal to the liver, that grinds roughage before it enter the abomason. AKA book stomach.
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Omasum
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Which part is know as the true stomach where digestion actually begins.
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Abomasum
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What is another name for bloat?
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Ruminal Tympany
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What is ruminal Acidosis?
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Excessive intake of grain or fermentable feed. Raises pH level, causes dehydration.
Treatment: Dilute with water or evacuate the contents and flush. |
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What is the different between pharmaceuticals and biologicals?
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Pharmaceuticals - Treatment (meds)
Biologicals - Prevention (vaccine) |
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Name the types of pharmaceuticals.
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Drench, Bolus, Liquid, Feed Additive, Powder, Injectable, Topical.
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Example of pour on parasite control
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Ivamec
Cydectin Dectomax Eprinex |
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Examples of injectable parasite control.
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Ivamec
Dectomax Evomec Plus |
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Example of paste parasite control.
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Safeguard (fenbendazole)
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Example of drench parasite control.
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Panacur Ocybendazole
Valbazen - Albendazole |
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Examples of bolus parasite control.
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Levamisole
Ivomec Slow Release |
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What is the flight zone?
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How close you can get to an animal before it moves away from you. "personal space"
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What is the normal pulse for cattle?
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40-80bpm
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What is the normal respiration for cattle?
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10-30 p/min
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What is the normal temperature for cattle?
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100-102F
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How long is the estrus cycle in cattle?
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21 days
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What is the dental formula in cattle?
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2(I 0/3 C 0/1 P 3/3 M 3/3)
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Intravenous
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Caudal Vein
Mammary Vein Jugular Vein |
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Name 4 types of dairy breeds.
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Holestine Fresian, Milking Shorthorn, Jersey, Brown Swiss
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Name 4 types of cattle that originated in the US.
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Beef Fresian, Brangas, Beef Master, and Red Angus
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Name 5 types of Brahman crosses.
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Beef master, braford, brangas, Santa Gertrudis, Simbrah
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Name a french breed that exhibits the double muscle.
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Tarentaise
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Name the most common in the US from England.
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Hereford
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Name 3 from Italy
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Chianina, Marchigiana, and Romagnola
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Name 1 from Australia.
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Murrey Grey
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Name 1 from Arizona
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Barzona
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Which breed was used in the cattle drive in the 1800s?
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Longhorn
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Which breed was developed at the King Ranch.
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Santa Gertrudis
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Name 3 breeds that are predominantly black.
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Angus, Amerifax, Welsh Black
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Cattle were first used by man for what?
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Transportation
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The earliest European country where cattle were found.
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Switzerland
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Which breed is from the Netherlands?
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Holstein Fresian
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Name a breed from England that is dual purpose.
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Milking Shorthorn, Red Poll, and South Devon
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3 Brahman cross characteristic.
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Disease Resistant, Heat Tolerant, Hump, Floppy Ears
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3 methods used for cattle
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Tail Twitch, Casting, Flanking
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Manufacture of our squeeze chute at school
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Filson
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The recumbent restraint procedure.
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Casting
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What device is used like an equine twitch?
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Nose Tongs
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Name 3 ideologies of bloat
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Stress, Gas, and Torsion
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What is used to vaccinate multiple cattle at once?
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Automatic injection syringe
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Name 2 tools used to medicate calves
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Bottle, Bolas?, oral dose syringe?
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Define Bacterin
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Killed culture of bacteria
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Define Killed Virus
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Killed viral organisms that will produce immunity but will not cause the disease
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Define Antitoxin
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Anitbodies to bacterial toxins, short acting. Tetanus antitoxin
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Define Modified Live
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Ability to produce the disease is diminished but will still provide immunity
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Define Toxoids
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Provide longterm immunity against toxins; Tatanus toxoid
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Define Adjuvants
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Substances added to a biological that enhance the antigens ability to stimulate antibody production
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Explain why you pass a stomach tube during surgery.
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To relieve the gas and prevent bloating
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What size needle to we use in an adult cow
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18g
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Name 3 oral medication tools
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Oral dose syringe, balling gun, and Drench
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Name 2 parasites
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Cooperia sp., Ostertagia Ostertagia
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Ingredient in ivomec plus that is effective againts the liver flukes
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Clorsulon
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What is the normal CRT
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<2 sec
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What is the normal Mucus membranes
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light pink
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What is the normal Gestation
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274-291 days
Avg. 281 |
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What is the normal estrus cycle
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21 days
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What is the length of estrus
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18-20 hours
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What is the normal PCV
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26-42%
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What is the normal WBC
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4-12 Thousand
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What is the normal RBC
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8-5 million
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What is reproduction?
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The process through which organisms multiply or produce offspring.
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Reproduction can be through either _________ or __________ means.
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Sexual or Asexual
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Asexual reproduction does not involve ______ or _______ gametes, but is rather a division of _______ __________ organisms.
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Male or Female
Simple Cell |
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Breeder selection can depend on 4 things...
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Genetics
Productivity Disease Screening Soundness |
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Breeding Methods:
1. 2. |
Natural Cover - 1 bull per 30 cows
Artificial Insemination - 1 ejaculate can inseminate hundreds of cows. |
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The scrotum is the sac-like portion of the male that remains _________ of the body, and contains the ________ and the __________.
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Outside
Testicles and Epididymis |
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What are the 3 types of tissues that make up the scrotum?
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Skin
Tunica Dartos Tunica Vaginalis |
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The tunica vaginalis is the tissue that forms, what?
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The pocket around the testicles once they have descended.
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The tunica dartos is the muscle tissue that is responsible for, what?
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Raising and lowering the testicles in response to temp differences.
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What is spermatogenesis?
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Sperm Production
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If one or both testicles do not descend and are within the body cavity, this is known as...
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Cryptorchidism
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If both testicles remain undescended the animal is ______.
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Sterile
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If one one testicle descends then the animal is ________.
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Fertile
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Why should cryptorchids not be used for breeding?
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Because this is a highly inheritable and undesirable trait.
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Testicles are the _______ and __________ producing organs.
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Sperm and Testosterone
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Sperm cells are produced by the ____________ ___________.
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Seminiferous Tubules
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Testosterone is produced by ______ _____.
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Leydig Cells
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You should not castrate a bull about _______ lbs.
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600
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What is the epididymis?
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Long coiled tube that is connected to each of the testicles.
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Sperm cells reside in the epididymis for __________ and ________. They only leave the epididymis during ___________.
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Maturation and Storage
Ejaculation |
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Cells that do not leave the epididymis during ejaculation are then ____________.
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Reabsorbed by the body
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The urethra is the tube that carries _______ from the _________. In males, ________ is also moved through this.
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Urine from the bladder
Semen |
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Semen is made up of ________ and _______, that are excreted from the accessory glands, which included ________ __________, __________ _______, and _________ __________.
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Sperm and other fluids.
Seminal Vesicles, prostate gland, and Cowper's glands. |
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Seminal vesicles open into the _______, and produce a fluid that both _______ and ________ the sperm.
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Urethra
Transports and Protects |
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The prostate gland is located near the ________ and _______. It produces a fluid that is also mixed with the ________ _________.
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Urethra and Bladder
Seminal Fluid |
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Cowper's gland produces a fluid that travels down the ______ ahead of the ________ _____. This fluid helps to ________ and _________ the urethra, protecting the _______ as it travels.
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Urethra
Seminal Fluid Clean and Neutralize Sperm |
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The penis is the organ that does what?
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Deposits the semen into the female reproductive tract
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The urethra in the penis is surrounded by a spongy type tissue, ___________, that fills with blood when the male is aroused.
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Cavernosum
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What 2 things are responsible for extending the penis from the sheath?
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Sigmoid Flexure and Retractor muscle
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After copulation the ___________ helps to bring the penis back inside the sheath.
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Retractor muscle
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Which animals is the sigmoid flexure found in?
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Bulls, Rams, and Boars
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Bull semen collection
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-artificial vagina
-electroejaculator |
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Semen Evaluation
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-Macroscopic-color, volume, consistency
-Microscopically-motility, morphology, concentration |
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Ovulation?
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is the release of the egg from the ovary
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Parturition Assistance instruments?
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-Obstetrical chains/ropes
-hercules fetal extractor -obstetrical forceps (nose) |
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Reproductive Failures
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-uterine infections
-cysts -cryptorchidism -uterine prolapse |
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Why dehorn?
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-protection of other cattle & humans
-behavior modification |
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Best way to dehorn?
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genetic, introduce the polling gene
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cosmetic dehorning is for?
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cattle used for showing
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Castration purpose?
When? |
-to create a meat producing animal instead of a reproductive animal.
-before 600lbs |
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fewer ____ are needed for reproduction than ____
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bulls
cows |
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Select the ____ ____ bulls for breeding and castrate the others to become ____ for food production.
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genetically correct
steers |
