Focused One Liners

Front 1

Different Steps of Phase I

Back 1

Oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis

Front 2

Inhibitors of CYP450

Back 2

Amiodarone, Diltiazem, Verapamil, Cimetidine, ketoconazole, erythromycin, isoniazid, and grapefruit

Front 3

Strength of interaction between drug and its receptor

Back 3

affinity

Front 4

Amount of drug necessary to elicit a biologic effect; refers to a drugs strength

Back 4

Potency

Front 5

A hormone whose MOA utilizes intracellular receptors

Back 5

thyroid and steroid hormones

Front 6

Dose which is lethal to 50% of the population

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LD50

Front 7

Antidote used for organophosphate/anticholinesterase poisoning

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Atrope, Pralidoxime (2-PAM)

Front 8

Antidote for arsenic, mercury, lead, and gold poisoning

Back 8

dimercaprol

Front 9

Antidote for tPA & streptokinase

Back 9

Aminocaproic acid

Front 10

Antidote for benzodiazepine toxicity

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Flumazenil

Front 11

Antidote for methotrexate toxicity

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Leucovorin

Front 12

Side effect of Mitomycin

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Severe myelosuppression

Front 13

Common toxicities of cisplatin

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Nephro and Oto tox, peripheral neuropathy

Front 14

iron-chilating agent, protects against doxorubicin toxicity by scavenging free radicals

Back 14

Dexrazoxane

Front 15

Interact with microtubules (but unlike vinca which prevent disassembly of tubules), it stabilizes tubulin and cells remain frozen in metaphase

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Paclitaxel (taxol)

Front 16

Anti-estrogen used for ER+ breast cancer

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tamoxifen

Front 17

Newer biologic agent approved for metastatic melanoma, enhances T-cell immune responses

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Ipilimumab

Front 18

Dopamine agonist used in Parkinson's and for hyperprolactinemia

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Bromocriptine

Front 19

ACTH analog used for diagnosis of patients with corticosteroid abnormality

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Cosyntropin

Front 20

Long acting glucocorticoids

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dexamethasone, betamethasone

Front 21

Inhibits conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone, therefore inhibiting corticosteroid synthesis

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aminoglutethimide

Front 22

Antifungal agent used for inhibition of all gonadal and adrenal steroids

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Ketoconazole

Front 23

Antiprogestin used as potent antagonist of GC receptor

Back 23

Mifepristone

Front 24

Common SE of spironolactone

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Gynecomastia and hyperkalemia

Front 25

Selective estrogen receptor modulator used for prevention of osteoporosis and prophylaxis in women with risk factors for breast cancer

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Raloxifene

Front 26

Drug used with testosterone for male fertility

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Leuprolide

Front 27

What do delta cells in the pancreas produce?

Back 27

Somatostatin

Front 28

Very rapid acting insulin, having fastest onset and shortest duration of action

Back 28

Lispro, aspart, glulisine

Front 29

Long acting insulins

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Glargine and detemir

Front 30

Examples of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGI)

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acarbose, miglitol

Front 31

Amino acid derivative, active as an insulin secretagogue

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Nateglinide

Front 32

Most important SE of metformin

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lactic acidosis

Front 33

MOA of thiazolidinediones

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stimulate PPAR gamma receptors and decrease insulin resistance

Front 34

MOA of bisphosphonates

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inhibits osteoclast bone resorption

Front 35

Names of three bisphosphonates available IV

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pamidronate, zoledronate, ibandronate

Front 36

1st generation antihistamine that is highly sedating

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dephenhydramine

Front 37

2nd generation antihistamines

Back 37

fexofenadine, loratadine, cetirizine

Front 38

5HT-1d agonist used for migraine headaches

Back 38

sumitriptan, naratriptan, rizatriptan

Front 39

agents used for reduction of postpartum bleeding

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oxytocin, ergonovine, ergotamine

Front 40

5HT-3 antagonist used in chemotherapeutic induced emesis

Back 40

Ondansetron, granisetron, dolasetron, and alosetron

Front 41

DOC to treat chemo-induced nausea and vomiting

Back 41

Ondansetron

Front 42

Mediator of tissue pain, edema, inactivated by ACE, and may be a contributing factor to the development of angioedema

Back 42

Bradykinin

Front 43

Drug causing depletion of substance P (vasodilator)

Back 43

Capsaicin

Front 44

Prostaglandins that cause abortion

Back 44

PGE1, PGE2, PGF2-alpha

Front 45

inhibitor of lipoxygenase

Back 45

zileuton

Front 46

Used in pediatrics to maintain the patency of the ductus arteriosis

Back 46

PGE1

Front 47

MOA and effect of nitric oxide

Back 47

Stimulates cGMP which leads to vascular smooth muscle relaxation

Front 48

Long acting beta 2 agonist used in asthma

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Salmeterol, Formoterol

Front 49

Muscarinic antagonist used in asthma

Back 49

Ipratropium

Front 50

Methylxanthine derivative used as a remedy for intermittent claudication

Back 50

pentoxifylline

Front 51

MOA of corticosteroids

Back 51

inhibit phospholipase A2

Front 52

MOA of quinolones

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inhibit DNA gyrase

Front 53

Drug used for MRSA

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vancomycin

Front 54

Vancomycin MOA

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Blocks cell wall synthesis by sequestration

Front 55

Genetic basis of low level resistance found with vancomycin

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point mutation

Front 56

Two toxicities of aminoglycosides

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nephro and oto tox

Front 57

MOA of sulfonamides

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Inhibit dihydropteroate synthase

Front 58

PCN active against pseudomonas

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ceftazidime, imipenem, piperacillin, and ticarcillin

Front 59

DOC for tx of psudomembranous colitis

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Metronidazole

Front 60

Metronidazole SE if given with alcohol

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disulfiram-like reaction

Front 61

Common side effect of Rifampin

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Red urine discoloration

Front 62

Drug used for N. gonorrhea in females

Back 62

Ceftriaxone

Front 63

SE of INH

Back 63

peripheral neuritis and hepatitis

Front 64

MOA of erythromycin

Back 64

inhibition of protein synthesis at the 50s subunit of ribosome

Front 65

DOC for influenza A

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oseltamivir

Front 66

DOC for severe RSV

Back 66

ribavirin

Front 67

Antivirals that are teratogens

Back 67

Delavirdine, efavirenz, and ribavirin

Front 68

Single dose used to prevent perinatal transmission of HIV

Back 68

nevirapine

Front 69

Benzodiazepine used for anxiety

Back 69

alprazolam

Front 70

Non-benzodiazepine used for sleep

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Zilpidem

Front 71

Neurologic SE of benzodiazepines

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anterograde amnesia

Front 72

Antidote to benzodiazepine overdose (antagonist that reverses CNS effects)

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Flumazenil

Front 73

Benzodiazepine used for anesthesia

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Midazolam

Front 74

DOC for status epilepticus

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Diazepam

Front 75

System that increases in activity with chronic ethanol exposure and may contribute to tolerance

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MEOS

Front 76

MOA for ethosuximide

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Calcium channels

Front 77

Drugs of choice for status epilepticus

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IV diazepam for short term (acute) treatment, phenytoin for prolonged therapy

Front 78

SE of phenytoin

Back 78

gingival hyperplasia, nystagmus, diplopia, and ataxia

Front 79

SE for Felbamate

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aplastic anemia and acute hepatic failure

Front 80

Carbamazepine may cause

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agranulocytosis

Front 81

DOC for malignant hyperthermia that may be a caused by use of halogenated anesthetics

Back 81

Dantrolene

Front 82

Opioid associated with respiratory depression, but is used in high risk patients who may not survive full general anesthesia

Back 82

Fentanyl

Front 83

GABA agonist in the spinal cord

Back 83

Baclofen

Front 84

DOC for malignant hyperthermia by acting on the sarcoplasmic reticulum or skeletal muscle

Back 84

Dantrolene

Front 85

MOA of neuroleptics

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Dopamine blockade

Front 86

Antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric symptoms in patients with dementia

Back 86

Risperidone

Front 87

Drug used in neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Back 87

Dantrolene

Front 88

Antipsychotic having the strongest autonomic effects

Back 88

Thioridazine

Front 89

Agent having no effect on D2 receptors, blocks D4, reserved for resistant schizophrenia, and can cause fatal agranulocytosis

Back 89

Clozapine

Front 90

Antipsychotic not shown to cause tardive dyskinesia

Back 90

clozapine

Front 91

DOC for bipolar affective disorder

Back 91

Lithium

Front 92

SE for lithium

Back 92

Tremor, sedation, ataxia, aphasia, thyroid enlargement, and reversible diabetes insipidus

Front 93

Example of three antidepressants that are indicated for obsessive compulsive disorder

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Clomipramine, fluoxetine, and fluvoxamine

Front 94

MAOI should not be administered with SSRI's or potent TCA's due to development of this condition

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Serotonin syndrome

Front 95

Usual time needed for full effect of antidepressant therapy

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2 to 6 weeks

Front 96

TCA used in chronic pain, enuresis, and ADD

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Imipramine

Front 97

Antidepressant inhibiting norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamin reuptake

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duloxetine, venlafaxine

Front 98

Side effects frequently seen with SSRIs

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CNS stimulation; GI upset

Front 99

SSRI indicated for premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Back 99

Fluoxetine

Front 100

Opioids used in the management of withdrawal states

Back 100

Methadone

Front 101

Opioid antagonist that is give IV and has a short DOA

Back 101

Naloxone

Front 102

Opioid antagonist that is given orally in alcohol dependency programs

Back 102

Naltrexone

Front 103

Readily detected markers that may assist in diagnosis of the cause of a drug overdose include

Back 103

HR, BP, RR, Temp, Sweating, bowel signs, and pupillary responses

Front 104

Most commonly abused by healthcare professionals

Back 104

heroin, morphine, oxycodone, meperidine, and fentanyl

Front 105

Date rape drug

Back 105

Flunitrazepam (rohypnol)

Front 106

This agent is used to treat dry mouth in Sjogren's syndrome

Back 106

Cevimeline

Front 107

Treatment of atropine overdose and glaucoma (because lipid soluble). Enters the CNS rapidly and has a stimulant effect, which may lead to convulsions

Back 107

Physostigmine

Front 108

Long term treatment for myasthenia gravis

Back 108

pyridostigmine

Front 109

Toxicity of organophosphates

Back 109

DUMBELSS - Diarrhea, urination, miosis, bronchoconstriction, excitation of skeletal muscle and CNS, lacrimation, salivation, sweating

Front 110

Treatment of organophosphate overdose

Back 110

atropine

Front 111

Bronchodilation in asthma and COPD

Back 111

ipratropium

Front 112

Toxicity of anticholinergics

Back 112

block SLUD (salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation

Front 113

Contraindications to use of atropine

Back 113

infants, closed angle glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy

Front 114

Longer acting Beta-2 agonist is recommended for prophylaxis of asthma

Back 114

Salmeterol or Formoterol + corticosteroid

Front 115

Selective Beta-1 receptor blockers that may be useful in treating patients even though they have asthma

Back 115

acebutolol, atenolol, esmolol, metoprolol

Front 116

Combined in alpha and beta blocking agents that may have application in treatment and CHF

Back 116

Labetalol and carvedilol

Front 117

Inhibit peptidyl dipeptidase (plasma kinase)

Back 117

ACE inhibitors

Front 118

SE of ACE inhibitors

Back 118

Cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema

Front 119

CCB contraindicated in CHF

Back 119

Verapamil

Front 120

CCB with predominant effect on vasodilation

Back 120

Nifedipine

Front 121

SE of CCB

Back 121

constipation, AV block, edema

Front 122

Beta-blockers should be used cautiously in

Back 122

Asthma, diabetes, and peripheral vascular disease

Front 123

SE of beta-blockers

Back 123

sexual dysfunction, bradycardia, decrease in HDL, increase in triglycerides

Front 124

Partial alpha agonist used in HTN, acts centrally

Back 124

Clonidine

Front 125

Site of action of loop diuretics

Back 125

Thick ascending limb

Front 126

SE of loop (furosemide) diuretics

Back 126

hyperuricemia, hypokalemia, ototoxicity

Front 127

Loops lose and thiazide diuretics retain

Back 127

Calcium

Front 128

MOA of thiazide diuretics

Back 128

inhibit Na+/Cl- cotransport

Front 129

Site of action of thiazide diuretics

Back 129

early DCT

Front 130

SE of spironolactone

Back 130

gynecomastia, hyperkalemia

Front 131

SE of procainamide

Back 131

Lupus like syndrome

Front 132

DOC for management of acute ventricular arrhythmias

Back 132

amioderone

Front 133

MOA of class III antiarrhythmics

Back 133

K+ channel blockers

Front 134

Digoxin is used in

Back 134

Atrial fibrillation and CHF

Front 135

Combination recommended for only african americans to reduce preload and after load in CHF

Back 135

isosorbide dinitrate/hydralazine

Front 136

Dual ARB and nepilysin inhibitor, early phase 2 trial for heart failure and hypertension

Back 136

LCZ696, sucabitril

Front 137

Heparin (PTT) increases activity of

Back 137

Antithrombin 3

Front 138

SE for ticlopidine

Back 138

Neutropenia and agranulocytosis

Front 139

Agent used for anemias associated with renal failure

Back 139

Erythropoietin agonists

Front 140

Agents used for closure of PDA

Back 140

indomethacin

Front 141

Antidote for acetaminophen toxicity

Back 141

N-acetylcysteine

Front 142

DMARDs are slow acting drugs for

Back 142

Rheumatic disease

Front 143

Rapid acting insulins that do not self-aggregate

Back 143

Lispro, aspart, glulisine

Front 144

Peakless long acting insulin

Back 144

Glargine