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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mediating variable
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a variable that mediates or acts like a go-between in a chain linking two other variables (eg coping skills may be said to mediate the relationship between stressful events and anxiety)
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Antecedent variables
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(anxious personality) one that acquired an essentially fixed value before the experimental interaction
began and cannot therefore have been affected to any important degree by the independent variable if you randomly assign subjects to groups then AV (&their effects) have been randomized & their effects will be randomly distributed |
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Independent variable
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The variable that is believed to cause or influence the dependent variable; in experimental research, the manipulated (treatment) variable
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Dependent variable
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The variable hypothesized to depend on or be caused by another variable (the independet variable); the outcome variable of interest
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Extraneous variable
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A variable that confounds (to cause to become confused) the relationship between the independent and dependent variables and that needs to be controlled either in the research design or through statistical procedures.
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internal validity
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the degree to which it can be inferred that experimental treatment (independent variable), rather than uncontrolled extraneous factor, is responsible for observed effects
did in fact the experimental stimulus make some significant difference in thsi specific instance? |
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external validity
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the degree to which the study results can be generalized to settings or samples other than the one studied
to what population, settings, and variable can this effect be generalized? |
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content validity
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degree to which the items in an instrument adequately represent the universe of content for the concept being measured
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Construct validity
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is it testing what we want to test - the degree to which an instrument measures the construct under investigation
the extent to which the theory used to interpret the results and discuss their practice significance was tested and found to be valid. |
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confidence interval
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the range of values within which a population parameter is estimated to lie
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confidence level
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the estimated probablity that a population parameter lies within a given confidence interval
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chi square
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a nonparametric test of statisical significance used to assess whether a relationship exist between two nominal level variable, symbolized as x2
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p value
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the probablity that the obtained results are due to chance alone; the probablility of commiting a Type I error
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null hypothesis
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a hypothesis stating no relationship between the variables under study; used primarily in statisical testing as the hypothesis to be rejected
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Type I error
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an error created by rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true (ie the researcher concludes that a relationship exists when in fact it does not)
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Type II error
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an error created by accepting the null hypothesis when it is false (ie the researcher concluded that no realtionship exist when in fact it does)
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one tailed tet
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a test of statisical significance in which only values at one extreme (tail) of a distribution are condidered in determining significane used when the researcher can predict the direction of a realtionship
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two tailed test
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staticstical tests in which both end of the sampling distribution are used to determine improbale values
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validity
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degree to which an instrument measures what it is intended to measure
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variable
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an attribute of a person or object that varied, that is, taked on different values (eg body temperature, age, heart rate)
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Full path analysis
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interrelationships among antecedent, independent, mediating, and dependents variables are presented
simultaneously can be a suggestion for a research redesign |
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interacting variable
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a variable that affects the magnitude of the treatment effect
ex - NUR 513 will have a bigger effect on students' performance on comps for students who are highly motivated to learn |
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statistical conclusion validity
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refers to the appropriate use of statistics to infer whether the presumed IV & DV variable covary
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What is power
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refers to the ability of a test to detect relationships that exist in the population, defined as the probablity that a statistical test will reject the null hypothesis
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