Fns Lecture 7 Spinal Cord: Anatomy, Cell Groups And Levels

Front 1

The spinal cord extends from _________ _________ to _____________ ____________.

Back 1

Foramen magnum to Conus medullaris

Front 2

Define: A condensation of pia mater caudal to the conus medullaris

Back 2

Filum terminale

Front 3

What laterally stabilizes the spinal cord? Forms attachments to the dura by lateral flattened bands of pial tissue.

Back 3

Denticulate ligaments

Front 4

What is located midway between the dorsal and ventral roots to stabilize the spinal cord laterally?

Back 4

Denticulate ligaments

Front 5

What is the region where the subarachnoid space extends betweeen vertebrae L1 and S2?

Back 5

Lumbar cistern or Dural Sac

Front 6

Define: The structure composed of the filum terminale piercing the dural sac caudally at S2 and becomes invested by dura.

Back 6

Coccygeal ligament

Front 7

Where does the coccygeal ligament attach?

Back 7

To tip of the coccyx

Front 8

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

Back 8

31 pairs of spinal nerves
- 8 cervical
- 12 thoracic
- 5 lumbar
- 5 sacral
- 1 coccygeal

Front 9

What is the breakdown of the 31 pairs of spinal nerves?

Back 9

8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal

Front 10

What are the general roots of a spinal cord segement?

Back 10

Paired Dorsal and ventral roots

Front 11

What are the two spinal cord segement which may not contain any dorsal roots?

Back 11

C1 and 1st cocygeal.

Front 12

Where do C1-c8 emerge from which level?

Back 12

Above C1-c7 and T1 (For Spinal nerve C8)

Front 13

After c8 where do the spinal nerves emerge from?

Back 13

Below their respective vertebrae.

Front 14

Define: Dorsal and ventral roots of the lower lumbar and sacral spinal segments; surrounds the conus medullaris and occupy the lumbar cistern

Back 14

Cauda equina

Front 15

Where do the cervical enlargment occur?

Back 15

Cervical (C5-T1)

Front 16

Where is the lumbosacral enlargement located?

Back 16

L1-S2

Front 17

What fissures are unpaired and divide the spinal cord in half longitudinally?

Back 17

Anterior Median Fissure
posterior Median Fissure

Front 18

What are more shallow fissures and mark the entry or exit of the dorsal and ventral roots?

Back 18

Posterolateral sulcus
Anterolateral sulcus

Front 19

Name the three funiculi.

Back 19

Posterior
Lateral
Anterior

Front 20

Describe the boundaries of the posterior funiculus.

Back 20

Between the posterolateral sulcus and posterior median septum

Front 21

Describe the boundaries of the lateral funiculus.

Back 21

Between the posterolateral sulcus and the anterolateral sulcus

Front 22

Describe the boundaries of the anterior funiculus.

Back 22

Between the anterolateral and the anteromedian sulcus.

Front 23

What gives rise to vessels that supply large portions of the spinal cord. As the vertebral arteries ascend along the anterolateral surfaces of the medulla, they rise to two descending arteries?

Back 23

Vertebral arteries

Front 24

The Vertebral arteries give rise to what two descending arteries?

Back 24

Posterior spinal arteries
Anterior spinal arteries

Front 25

What receives variable contributions from the poesterior radicular arteries; supplies the posterior third of the spinal cord?

Back 25

Posterior spinal arteries

Front 26

What unites to form a single descending midline vessel which anastomoses with the anterior radicular arteries; supplies the anterior two thirds of the spinal cord?

Back 26

Anteiror spinal arteries

Front 27

What distribution parallels that of the arterial supply for the spinal cord?

Back 27

The spinal veins

Front 28

Describe the flow of venous blood within the spinal cord.

Back 28

Epidural venous plexuses
--->
Intervertebral veins
--->
External venous plexus

Front 29

What zone of gray matter receives somatosensory inputs?

Back 29

Dorsal or posterior horn

Front 30

What zone of gray matter mediates visceral (as well as other) functions.

Back 30

Intermediate zone

Front 31

Give another name for the posteromarginal nucleus.

Back 31

Lamina I

Front 32

What two lamina are the somatosensory recipient zone?

Back 32

Lamina I and II

Front 33

Give another name for the substantia gelatinosa.

Back 33

Lamina II

Front 34

Give another name for the Proper Sensory nucleus.

Back 34

Lamina III & IV

Front 35

Which lamina are involved in the processing of somatosensory information?

Back 35

Lamina III & IV

Front 36

GIve another name for Laminae III & IV (latin for Proper sensory nucleus).

Back 36

Nucleus propius

Front 37

What is the function of Laminae V and VI?

Back 37

Processing of somatosensory information.

Front 38

What are the Laminae in the Intermediate Zone?

Back 38

Laminae VII

Front 39

What are the two regions of Laminae VII?

Back 39

Clarke's nucleus
Intermediolateral nucleus

Front 40

Define: A collection of cells extending from C8 to L2; receives muscle spindle information (Leg proprioreception).

Back 40

Clarke's Nucleus

Front 41

Define: A collection of cells extending from T1 to L2-3; gives rise to preganglionic sympathetic fibers; contained in a portion of the (throacic) spinal cord known as the lateral horn. (Corresponding sacral parasympathetic nuclei are presetn from S2-4).

Back 41

Intermediolateral nucleus

Front 42

What laminae are found in the Ventral horn?

Back 42

Lamina VIII
Lamina IX

Front 43

What lamina largely contains neurons that receive information from higher centers? Found in the Ventral Horn

Back 43

Lamina VIII

Front 44

What lamina consists of large cells that are alpha motor neurons and smaller cells that are gamma motor neurons, the axons of which form the ventral roots?

Back 44

Lamina IX

Front 45

In terms of level location what is common betewen substantia gelatinosa (Lamina II) and nucleus propius (Lamina III & IV)?

Back 45

Located at all spinal levels

Front 46

Where does the sacral parasympathetic cell column?

Back 46

S2-S4

Front 47

Where are the Intermediolateral nucleus found (levels)?

Back 47

Lateral Horn of T1-L2/L3

Front 48

Where are the nucleus of Clarke found?

Back 48

Medial Horn of C8-L2

Front 49

Define the spinal cord level:
- Large, oval shaped, relatively greater amounts of white matter
- Posterior funiculus is divided

Back 49

Cervical segment

Front 50

How do you differentiate between upper and lower cervical segments?

Back 50

Upper cervical segments have prominent lateral corticospinal tracts and small ventral horns
Lower cervical segments have large ventral horns.

Front 51

Which is more medial: Fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus?

Back 51

Fasciculus Gracilis is medial to fasciculus cuneatus

Front 52

What feature allows differentiation between upper and lower thoracic (T1-T6 and T7-T12)?

Back 52

The PIMS
T1 - T6 have fascicule gracilis and cuneatus are present.

Front 53

Is Dorsal nucleus of Clarke present in T1-T6?

Back 53

No, it is present T6 and below.

Front 54

Which segments are
- nearly circular in cross section
- Have large amounts of gray matter and less white matter
- Upper contain Dorsal Nucleus of Clarke and interomediolateral cell column. Lower lack both of these structures.

Back 54

Lumbar segments

Front 55

How can you differentiate between upper lumbar and lower lumbar segments?

Back 55

Dorsal Nucleus of Clarke and Interomediolateral cell column present in Upper Lumbar (L1-L2)

Front 56

Which spinal cord segments are small with relatively large amounts of gray matter?

Back 56

Sacral segments

Front 57

What is a cutaneous area supplied by a single spinal nerve?

Back 57

A dermatone

Front 58

How many adjacent spinal nerves need to damaged to produce profound tactile sensory loss in a body?

Back 58

Three adjacent spinal nerves (think lateral inhibition)

Front 59

What is the relationship between diameter and conduction velocity?

Back 59

As diameter increases velocity increases