Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Herpes Keratitis |
Sx:Acute: sever eye pain, photophobia, blurred vision Exam: Fernlike lines in corneal surface -contrast w/linear lines in corneal abrasion Herpes virus infections secondary to shingles |
Dx: Fluorescein, Look for hepatic rash on temple and tip of nose (trigeminal nerve or CN5) Tx: |
|
|
Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma |
Acute severe eye pain w/headache, nausea/vomiting, halo around lights, decreased vision Exam: mid-dilated pupil(s) oval shape, cornea cloudy, cupping of optic nerve |
|
|
|
Acute Vision Loss |
Sudden onset: floater or black dots in visual field, scotoma (retinal detachment), blurred vision, photophobia, eye pain, or severe discomfort (uveitis, glaucoma) |
scotoma=loss of vision/blind spot |
|
|
Cholesteatoma |
"Cauliflowerlike" growth w/foul-smelling discharge. Hearing loss, no tympanic membrane/ossicles visible R/t destruction by tumor. Hx of chronic OM infections. |
Tx: ABX, surgical debridement, refer to HEENT |
|
|
Battle Sign |
Acute onset: bruise behind ear over mastoid area p trauma. Indicates Fx of basilar skull. Search: clear golden serous discharge from ear/nose |
Refer: ED, ABX, skull x-rays |
|
|
Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis |
Hx: sinus or facial infections manifest w/severe headache accompanied by high fever. Rapid decline in LOC, terminating in como/death |
Refer: ED |
|
|
Peritonsillar Abscess |
Severe sore throat, difficulty swallowing, odonophagia (painful swallowing) trismus (jaw spasm), "hot potato"voice, Unilateral swelling of peritonsillar area/soft palate Uvula displacetment: Malaise, fever, & chills. |
Refer: ED - I&D |
|
|
Diphtheira |
Sore throat, fever, markedly swollen neck "bull neck". Low-grade fever, hoarseness, & dysphagia. Gray-to-Yellow pseudomembrane coating oral structures. Very Contagious |
Refer: ED |
|
|
EYES: Fundi |
Veins larger than Arteries
|
|
|
|
EYES: Cones |
Color perception 20/20 vision Sharp vision |
|
|
|
EYES: Rods |
Detecting light/shadows depth perception Night vision |
|
|
|
EYES: Macula & Fovea |
Macula: are responsible for central vision Fovea: large number of cones, is set in middle (area determines 20/20 vision) |
|
|
|
EYES: Cobblestoning |
Inner conjunctive w/mildly elevated lymphoid tissue resembling "cobblestones" Atopic patients, allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivits |
|
|
|
Presbyopia |
Age-Related visual change R/t decreased ability of accommodation and stiffening of lenses. Difficulty focusing, decreased ability to read fine prints at close range Onset: 40yrs |
|
|
|
Tympanic Membrane TM |
Translucent off-white to gray color w/ "cone of light" intact |
|
|
|
Tympanogram |
Most objective measure of presence of fluid inside middle ear: straight line vs. peaked shape |
|
|
|
Leukoplakia of Oral Mucosa/Tongue |
Thickened Bright White patches (areas of keratosis) caused by chronic irritation Appear on surface and under tongue - may be cancerous R/O |
|
|
|
Keratosis
|
growth of keratin on the skin or on mucous membranes
|
|
|
|
Apthous Stomatitis |
Canker sores Painful, shallow like ulcers on soft tissue |
|
|
|
Avulsed Tooth |
Store in cool milk (no ice) |
Refer: Dentist ASAP: reimplantation |
|
|
Posterior Pharynx |
Postnasal drip: Acute sinusitis, allergic rhinitis Posterior pharyngeal lymphnodes: Allergies, Allergic Rhinitis Hard Palate: openings(cleft palate), ulcer, redness |
|
|
|
Geographic Tongue |
Map-like appearance on surface Patches may move from day-day May complain: soreness with acidic/spicy foods |
|
|
|
Torus Palatinus |
Painless bony protuberance, midline on hard palate (roof of mouth) May be asymmetrical |
|
|
|
Nystagmus |
A few beats of nystagmus on prolonged extreme lateral gaze, resolves when eye back to midline is normal. Vertical nystagmus - abnormal |
R/O: strabismus (do not line up or look in same direction at same time |
|
|
Papilledema |
Otpic disc swollen w/blurred edged R/t increase ICP Secondary to: Bleeding, brain tumor, abscess, pseudotumor cerebri |
|
|
|
Hypertensive Retinopathy |
Copper & Silver wire arterioles |
|
|
|
Diabetic Retinopathy |
Microaneurysms caused by Neovascularization Cotton wool spots |
|
|
|
Cataracts |
Opacity of corneas Chronic steroid use can cause |
|
|
|
Allergic Rhinits |
Blue-tinged or Pale and swollen (boggy) nasal turbinates |
|
|
|
Koplik's Spots |
Small-sized red papules w/blue-white centers inside cheeks by lower molars |
|
|
|
Hairy Leukoplakia |
Elongated papilla on lateral aspect of tongue pathognomic for HIV infection Caused by: Epstein-Barr virus infection (EBV) |
|
|
|
Buccal Mucosa |
Mucosal lining inside mouth |
|
|
|
Palpebral Conjunctiva |
Mucosal lining inside eyelids |
|
|
|
Bulbar Conjunctiva |
Mucosal lining: Covering eyes |
|
|
|
Soft Palate |
Refers to area where: Uvula, tonsils, anterior of throat are located |
|
|
|
Hard Palate |
"Roof" of mouth |
|
|
|
Hyperopia |
Farsightedness |
|
|
|
OU |
Both Eyes |
|
|
|
OD |
Right eye |
|
|
|
OS |
Left eye |
|
|
|
Color Blindness |
Ishihara chart
|
|
|
|
Visual Test Results |
20/60 Top Number: Numerator - Distance which patient stands-always 20 feetBottom Number: Denominator-See at 20ft what normal person would see at 60ft |
|
|
|
Weber Test |
Tuning Fork: Midline on forehead Normal: no lateralization Abn: Lateralization (hears sound louder in one ear) |
|
|
|
Rinne Test |
AC>BC First on mastoid process Then at front of ear Time each area |
|
|
|
Corneal Abrasion |
Acute onset: severe eye pain keeps affected eye closed Reeling of FB sensation, w/increased tearing in eye (Contact lens: Bacterial infection, refer) |
Dx: fluroescein Linear corneal abrasions Flush eye w/ NS to remove FB Ophthalmic ABX: Erythromycin/Polytrim x3-5 FU: 24h, refer w/no improvement Do not patch eye |
|
|
Hordeolum |
"Stye" Acute: painful bacterial infection of hair follicle on eyelid Itchy eyelid, acute onset of pustule on upper/lower eyelid becoming painful |
Tx: ABX drops or ointment Sulfa, erythromycin Warm packs BID to TID until pustule drains |
|
|
Chalazion |
Chronic inflammation of meibomian gland (specialized sweat gland) of eyelid Onset: Gradual small superficial nodule, discrete, movable on upper lid, feels like bead. Painless, can enlarge over time |
Resolves on own Non-Resolving, or affects vision: Refer: surgical removal and R/O squamous cell cancer |
|
|
Pterygium |
Yellow triangular thickening of bulbar conjunctiva Located on inner/outer margins of cornea - caused by UV light damage to collagen |
If inflamed: weak steroid gtts during exacerbations Quality sunglasses Remove surgically if encroaches cornea, affects vision |
|
|
Subconjunctival Hemorrhage |
Blood trapped under Conjunctiva & Sclera R/t broken arterioles Coughing, sneezing, heavy lifting, vomiting, or spontaneously. Risk: aspirin, anticoagulants, HTN |
Resolves: 1-3 weeks Watchful waiting FU: Until Resolution |
|
|
Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma |
Sudden blockage: increase ICP - ischemia/damage to CN2 Acute: Severe headace/eye pain - blurred vision/tearing - halos, N/V Fixed, mid-dilated cloudy pupil: Oval, conjuctival injection w/increased lacrmation |
Refer: ED Conjunctival injection=red eye |
|
|
Anterior Uveitis: Iritis |
Red sore eyes - increased tearing No purulent discharge Risk: Autoimmune disorders: RA, lupus, anklyosing spondylititis, sarcoidosis, syphilis etc |
Refer: Opthalmologist |
|
|
Macular Degeneration Age Related |
Atrophic: Dry form more common Exudative: Wet form more severe Painless central vision loss Straight lines appear distorted: doors/windows Peripheral vision usually preserved common in smoker |
Refer: Opthalmologist Amsler Grid AREDS: Formula ocular vitamins: High-dose antioxidants, & Zinc |
|
|
Sjorgren's Syndrome |
Daily symptoms of dry (3months) eyes/mouth for several months: Chronic Dry eyes, sandy/gritty sensation (Keratoconjunctivits sicca) Swollen inflamed salivary Glands Chronic Immune disorder, decreased function of lacrimal/salivary glands: alone or with other autoimmune disorders |
Tx: OTC tear substitute TID Refer Labs: CBC, sed rate and/or C-reactive protein, autoimmune disease panel (refer to rheumatologist for management) |
|
|
Blepharitis |
Itching/irritations in eyelash area (upper/lower/both), eye redness, sometimes crusting. Chronic condition of base of eyelash R/t inflammation. |
Tx: Gently scrub eyelid margin until resolves (Johnson's Baby Shampoo w/warm water) Consider: Topical Abx: erythromycin eye gtts x2-3 daily |
|
|
Allergic Rhinitis |
Nasal congestion, clear mucous discharge or post nasal drip. Nasal itch, at times frequent sneezing. Cough worse supine r/t postnasal drip. Blue-tinged, pale boggy nasal turbinates - clear mucous - Posterior Pharynx: thick mucous clear/white/yellow/green: r/o sinusitis |
Nasal steroid sprays Daily (fluticasone/Flonase) Decongestants: (pseudoephedrine/Sudafed) PRN Zyrtec 10mg daily/PRN: or combined antihistamine w/decongestants Complications: Acute Sinusitis, AOM |
|
|
Rhinitis Medicamentosa |
Daily Severe nasal congestion and clear/watery mucus nasal discharge Prolonged use: topical nasal decongestants >3days - cause rebound effects - severe and chronic nasal congestion |
|
|
|
Epistaxis (Nosebleeds) |
Acute onset nasal bleeding Trauma and/or Laceration to nasal passages. Posterior: can results in severe hemorrhage Anterior: milder Risk: Aspirin, cocaine, HTN, anticoagulants |
Tilt head slightly forward - apply pressure over nasal bridge Nasal decongestants (Afrin) to shrink tissue Nasal Packing Abx: prophylaxis for staph/strep as needed Posterior nasal bleed: Refer to ED |
|
|
Strep Throat |
Acute onset: pharyngitis, pain on swallowing, mildly enlarged submandibular/anterior cervical nodes. Pharynx dark pink/bright red (adults afebrile/mild fever) Occasional Pettechiae on hard palate, anterior cervical lymph nodes mildly enlarged. Streptococcus (gram +) Group A |
Throat C&S 1st Line: Pencillin QID x 10days OTC for pain Salt water gargles PCN allergy: Z-pack Complications: Scarlet fever, Rheumatic fever, Peritonsillar abscess |
|
|
AOM Acute Otitis Media |
CC: Pain in ear TM: retracted/bulging, reddened w/loss of translucency and mobility on insufflation. Effusion resolves 4-6wks Streptococcus peumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis |
Abx: HD Amoxicillin 500-800 BID-TID x10-14 days <2yr 10 days - >2yr 5-7 days 2nd Line: Augementin, Ceftin, Cefzil Beta-Lactam Allergy: TMP-SMX, Clarithroymcin/Azithromycin |
|
|
Otitis Medea with Effusion |
CC: ear pressure, popping noises, muffled hearing, serous fluid in middle ear. TM bulge/retract, tympanogram normal, TM not red, Fluid level w/bubbles May follow AOM, chronic allergic rhinitis |
Oral decongestants: pseudoephedrine/phenylalanine Steroid nasal spray BID/TID x few weeks or saline nasal spray Allergic rhinitis: steroid nasal sprays w/long-acting oral anthihistamine (Zyrtec) |
|
|
Otitis Externa (Swimmers Ear) |
Bacterial infection of skin of external ear canal - rarely fungal - common during warm/humid weather. C/C: external ear pain/swelling/green purulent discharge O: Pain w/external ear or targus |
Pseudomonas aerugionsa - Staphylococcus aureus + Cortisporin Otic QID x7days |
|
|
Infectious Mononucleosis |
Epstein-Barr virus: Herpes family Peak: 15-24yrs Triad: fatigue/acute pharyngitis/lymphadenopathy C/C: sore throat, enlarged posterior cervical nodes, fatigue, may have abdominal pain: hepatomegaly/splenomegaly O: CBC: Atypical lymphs >50 Heterophile ab test: positive Skin: generalized red maculopapular rash |
U/S if splenomegaly, hepatomegaly Avoid contact sports |
|
|
Cheilosis |
skin fissures and maceration at corners of mouth Multiple etiologies: oversalivation, iron-deficiency anemia, secondary bacterial infection, vitamin deficiency. |
Apply tripple abx ointment BID/TID until healed Treat underlying cause |
|
|
Acute Rhinosinusitis |
Inflammation of mucosal lining of nasal passages & paranasal sinuses. Lasting up to 4 weeks Causes by allergens, environmental irritants and/or infection: viruses (majority), bacteria, and fungi |
|
|
|
Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis |
Secondary bacterial infection of paranasal sinuses. Usually following URI |
|
|
|
Suppurative Conjunctivitis |
CC: red, irritated eye, eyelids "stuckk together.
|
O: injected palpebral and bulbar (injected: Denoting visible blood vessels distended with blood)purulent discharge
|
|
|
Viral Conjunctivitis
|
|
Patient demonstrates S&S of viral upper respiratory tract infections.No Abx needed
|
|
|
Allergic Conjunctivitis
|
CC:Bilateral itch eyes, red eyes, tearing intermittently
|
|
