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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the structure of the exocrine glands of the pancreas?
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Acinar-tubular
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The pancreas secretes enzymes for digestion of what types of nutrients?
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Fat
Carbs Protein |
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What is special about the enzymes for protein digestion secreted by the pancreas?
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They are secreted as inactive precursors
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What is the inactive form of trypsin? (Think of the meaning of the suffix)
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Trypsinogen
'gen' meaning 'producing' |
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Which enzyme causes the precursor trypsinogen to be activated to trypsin?
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Enteropeptidase
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What kind of enzyme is trypsin? (Carbohydrase/lipase/protease?)
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Protease
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What are the two functions of pancreatic exocrine secretion?
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Production of enzymes for fat, cab and protein digestion
Control of duodenal pH (HCO3^- neutralises gastric HCl) |
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The primary secretion from the pancreas undergoes secondary modification T/F
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T
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Where does the secondary modification of pancreatic secretion take place?
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Intralobular ducts
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These cells are commonly known as duct cells, and secrete an aqueous bicarbonate solution under stimulation by the hormone secretin. They also secrete mucin.
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Acinar cells (Centroacinar cells)
Important card! |
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What is a proenzyme?
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An enzyme precursor
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Parasympathetic stimulation decreases blood flow to the pancreas T/F
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F increases
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Cells in the ilium secrete secretin T/F
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F, specific duodenal/jejunal cells do
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What pH must the duodenum/jejunum be for secretin to be secreted?
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< 4.5
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Its effect is to regulate the pH of the duodenal contents via the control of gastric acid secretion and buffering with bicarbonate from the acinar (centroacinar) cells of the pancreas as well as intercalated ducts
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Secretin
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What are potent stimuli for CCK?
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Peptides, AAs, fatty acids
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What is the action of CCK?
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To mobilise enzymes from acinar cells to the lumen
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CCK is secreted from epithelial cells T/F
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T (in the duodenum and jejunum)
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Bile production is a passive process T/F
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F! It is an active process
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Which organ produces bile?
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The liver
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How does bile go from the liver to the gallbladder?
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Canaliculi (small channels for secretion) between hepatocytes
Bile ducts at periphery of hepatic lobules Hepatic duct --> Gallbladder |
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The yellow breakdown product of normal haem catabolism
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Billirubin
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What are the two main functions of bile?
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Digestion (fats) and excretion (large, hydrophobic products (Kidney does smaller MW products that are water soluble))
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The active sodium-dependent retrieval of bile acids from portal blood and their secretion into canalicular fluid
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Bile acid-dependent secretion
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The active secretion of sodium, chloride and bicarbonate into ducts with water following passively
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Bile acid-independent secretion
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What is the function of the gall bladder?
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Storage of bile between meals
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What must happen for bile to enter the duodenum? (wrt muscle and sphincter)
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Smooth muscle must contract and sphincter of Oddi must relax (Process controlled by vagal and hormonal (CCK) mechanisms)
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