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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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This study gives information of present diet, but not life-time diet history
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Case control study
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What is the name for the study where very large numbers of people are followed for many years
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Prospective studies
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What are the average energy requirements, in MJ/Day for males and females?
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Men: 9-12 MJ/day
Women: 7-9 MJ/day |
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What are the main metabolic fuels?
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Fat, carbohydrate, protein (and alcohol)
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What is the desirable percent of energy intake of carbs, protein and fat per day?
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Carbs: 55%
Protein: 14% Fat: 30% |
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There is a specific requirement for two poly-unsaturated fatty acids. What are they?
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Linoleic acid (omega 6 fatty acid)
alpha-linolenic acid (omega 3 fatty acid) There is no requirement for fat otherwise. |
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What are intrinsic sugars?
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Sugars contained within the cell walls of the food
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'Sugars contained within the cell walls of the food' are known as...
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Intrinsic sugars
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Is lactose an intrinsic, or extrinsic sugar?
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A intrinsic sugar (but it is not contained within a cell wall, hence the term 'non-milk extrinsic sugars')
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Water-soluble, non-starch polysaccharides have a cholesterol raising effect T/F
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F, they have a cholesterol lowering effect
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Highly reactive molecular species with an unpaired electron
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Free radicals
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Any reaction involving a free radical generates another radical unless two radicals react together. Why is this unlikely in tissues?
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Low concentration and extremely short half-life (Hence free radicals are chain reactions)
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What are the three major radicals that cause tissue damage and are oxygen radicals?
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Superoxide (·O2^-)
Perhydroxyl (·O2H) Hydroxyl (·OH) |
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Tissue damage by radicals includes peroxidation of lipids. Pipid peroxides are involved in atherogenesis and dialdehydes which can modify proteins.
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Hence, this may be a factor in auto-immune disease
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What are the metabolically important metal ions?
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Cu^+
Co^2+ Ni^2+ Fe^2+ |
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O2^- reacts with NO· forming peroxynitrite. Why might this be a factor in hypertension?
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Loss of the vasodilation action of NO· (An endothelium-derived relaxation factor)
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