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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two main types of diabetes mellitus?
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Insulin-dependent diabetes (AKA juvenile onset/type I diabetes)
Non-insulin-dependent diabetes (AKA maturity onset/type II diabetes) |
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What does insulin do?
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A hormone that causes cells in the liver, muscle, and fat tissue to take up glucose from the blood, storing it as glycogen in the liver and muscle.
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A hormone that causes cells in the liver, muscle, and fat tissue to take up glucose from the blood, storing it as glycogen in the liver and muscle.
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Insulin
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Here, the problem is one of failure to secrete adequate amounts of insulin
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Type I diabetes
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In this type of diabetes, patients are dependent on injection of insulin to maintain control over their blood concentration of glucose
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Type I diabetes
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This type of diabetes usually develops in childhood
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Diabetes type I
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Here, the problem is a loss of sensitivity of the tissues to insulin action
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Diabetes type II
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In this type of diabetes, secretion of insulin may be normal or greater than normal
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Diabetes type II
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This type of diabetes usually develops in adult life
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Diabetes type II
122420022011 IM week after mocks |
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Glucagon stimulates the release of insulin T/F
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T - Research if you don't understand!
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What is the effect of glucagon?
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It causes the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose, which is released into the bloodstream
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It causes the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose, which is released into the bloodstream
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Glucagon.
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Which organ secretes glucagon?
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The pancreas
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The...cells of the...secrete insulin in response to an increase in blood glucose
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Beta-islet cells of the pancreas
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The beta-islet cells of the pancreas secrete insulin in response to a decrease/increase in blood glucose
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Increase
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After insulin causes glucose to be taken in by cells, what is one of the first things that happens to the glucose?
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It is phosphorylated to glucose-6-phosphate
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Glucose enters the cells of most tissues by active transport/passive diffusion.
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Active transport (except entry to the liver, where gnucose enters by passive diffusion - it is then trapped by phosphorylation to glucose-6-phosphate which cannot cross cell membranes)
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Unlike most areas, glucose enters the liver by passive diffusion. What prevents it from simply diffusing out again?
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It is immediately phosphorylated to glucose-6-phosphate, which cannot diffuse across cell membranes
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Glucose enters the cells of most tissues by active transport, except...
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The liver, which is by passive diffusion
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Give the names of the two enzymes that catalyse the formation of glucose-6-phosphage from glucose
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Hexokinase
Glucokinase (remember what a 'kinase' is) |
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Hexokinase is expressed in the liver and beta-cells of the pancreas only T/F
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F, it is expressed in all tissues
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Hexokinase is expressed in all tissues T/F
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T
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Glucokinase is expressed in all tissues T/F
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F, liver and beta-cells of the pancreas only
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Glucokinase is expressed in the liver and beta-cells of the pancreas only T/F
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T
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What is hexokinase's K(m) for glucose?
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0.15 mmol/L (c.f. 20 mmol/L for glucokinase)
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What is glucokinase's K(m) for glucose?
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20 mmol/L (c.f. 0.15 for hexokinase)
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What is the normal range of plasma glucose?
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3.5 - 5 mmol/L (rising in peripheral blood to 8-10 mmol/L after a moderately high intake of glucose)
NB The concentration of glucose in the portal blood coming from the small intestine to the liver may be considerably higher than this. |
