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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is 'Undernutrition'? |
Compromised nutritional status |
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How do we become undernutritional and what can it result in? |
Either insufficient intake or low body stores Loss of muscle mass, poor wound healing, altered immune status |
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What is 'overnutrition'? |
Poor nutritional health |
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Why would someone become overnutritonal? |
Excess nutrient intake or increased stores |
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What are some examples of over-nutrition? |
Obesity Hypercholesterolemia Vitamin/mineral toxicity |
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Can a person have both over-nutrition and under-nutrition at the same time? |
YES (can be obese and malnourished) |
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What should nurses be aware of when assessing someone of nutrition? |
Be aware of risk factors of over-nutrition and under-nutrition Assess diet, socioeconomic factors, etc |
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What are some examples of assessment pieces nurses should consider? |
GI complaints Medications Cognitive changes Poor/Excessive intake |
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What is a nutritional screening? |
Less comprehensive, identify risk factors, needed within 24 hrs of admission, brief and non-invasive ***NURSE'S RESPONSIBILITY*** |
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What is a nutritional assessment? |
Foundation for interventions, RDs responsibility, NURSE'S FACILITATE EARLY INTERVENTIONS Has 3 components |
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What are the three components to a nutritional assessment? |
Nutrition history Physical assessment Lab values |
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What is diet recall? |
Recall of food, liquids, and supplements within the last 24 hours |
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What is important to note with a diet recall? |
Time/Location Portion Prep method |
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What is a portion size? |
Estimation of intake They can visual comparisons There are portion analogies (ex. deck of cards) |
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What are some tips when doing a diet recall with a client? |
Use open-ended questions Nonjudgemental attitude |
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What is a food frequency questionnaire? |
Assesses usual intake of foods over time Verbal or written Should be population-specific |
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What is a food record? |
Real time, ongoing Possible misreporting Many days of info |
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What is anthropometric measurements? |
Height, Weight, Body Fat Current and Historical values There's a baseline to compare info |
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What is height used for in an assessment? |
Assess weight in adults Assess growth in children |
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More in depth, how do we assess the growth in children by their height? |
Compare to standards... Classified into percentiles by age and gender |
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What are some ways to measure height? |
Standing Recumbent length (infants, at bedside) Indirect (knee, armspan) |
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What is weight used for in assessment? |
Med and anesthesia dosing |
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What are some things to consider when assessing weight? |
Minimal clothing Post-voiding Edema Renal Failure? Eating Disorders? |
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What are the growth charts for children? |
< 24mos: weight for length > 24mos: BMI for age |
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What is a waist circumference? |
The central fat around the waist... major health risk |
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What are the risk waist circumferences for men and women? |
Men: >102cm Women: >88cm |
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Why might the waist circumference be invalid? |
Pregnancy, edema |
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How is body composition measured? |
indirectly through variety of methods varying in reliability and sophistication |
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What are some tools to measure body composition? |
BIA Near-infrared interactances devices Not common in clinical settings |
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What are some plasma proteins for lab values? |
Albumen, Prealbumen, Transferrin |
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What does having a shorter half life as one of those proteins? |
A more current status Affected by stress, infection, inflammation |
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Give details about Albumen... |
Half life: 14-21 days Dehydration/Edema will skew Low levels = increased risk of death |
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Give details about Prealbumen... |
Half life: 2-3 days Low levels = increased risk of death Alters with inflammation or infection less than Albumen Considered a better screening tool |
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What is 'Transferrin'? |
Plays a role in iron-binding & transport Half life: 8-10 days Altered during physiological stress Affected by low iron stores |
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What should you look at for lab values for anemia? |
Hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC, folic acid, B12 |
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What should you look at for lab values for over-nutrition? |
Cholesterol & Glucose |
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What is a immunocompetence assessment? |
Total lymphocyte count Low in under-nutrition and malnourished Delayed skin hypersensitivity |
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What is a Nitrogen Balance assessment? |
-Estimates adequacy of dietary intake (protein) -N intake should = N output -Indicates either a catabolic or anabolic state |
