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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Medical Nutrition Therapy? |
Nutrition care with assessment and treatment of any disease, condition, or illness |
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What are therapeutic diets? |
Diets with changed texture and/or types of food |
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Why would someone be on a therapeutic diet? |
They have altered nutritional or physical needs Swallowing/chewing difficulties Allergies |
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In regard to therapeutic diets, what is the nurse's role? |
Monitor the duration Request any consultation |
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Clear liquid diet? |
Anything you can see through Used when transitioning from NPO to solid foods Gelatin, popsicle |
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Full fluid diet? |
Used for chewing/swallowing troubles Clear and opaque Custard, hot cereal |
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Mechanical soft diet? |
Chewing/swallowing troubles Chopped/grounded food NO TOUGH MEATS W/CASINGS, NUTS OR SEEDS, OR CRUSTY BREAD |
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Pureed diet? |
Blenderized Advanced troubles w/chewing or swallowing Try to present in attractive manner |
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What should nurses be aware of when treating patients on a pureed diet? |
No negative comments Stress importance of nutrition |
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What are nutrient modification diets? |
Low nutrient diets Heart Healthy: low fat and sodium Diabetic: low sugar Low Sodium: low sodium |
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What negative health outcomes are associated with health-related malnutrition? |
Increased stay and infection Poor wound healing More complications |
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What is IATROGENIC MALNUTRITION? |
Malnutrition that occurs because of health care practices or treatment |
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Give some examples of iatrogenic malnutrition. |
Missed screening Prolonged use of clear liquid diet Missed meals or tube feedings Medication |
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What is the two-fold treatment for malnutrition? |
Treat nutritional issues Identify contributing factors (meds, money?) |
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To optimize intake in the malnourished, when should they consume liquids? |
In between meals, so they don't fill up on fluids |
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How can we induce satiety? |
Offer nutrient-dense meals and snacks Provide proper feeding assistance "Leptin" |
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What should nurses watch out for when treating those who are malnourished? |
Refeeding syndrome Energy is reintroduced = shift in K, Mg, and P and could = lethal alterations in fluid and electrolyte levels |
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Who is considered to be at risk for refeeding syndrome? |
Malnourished, alcoholics, fasted, eating disorder patients |
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How would we treat refeeding syndrome? |
Slowly reintroduce energy Monitor K, Mg, and P levels and customize with meds |
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Why would someone require alternative nutrition? |
Patients unable to obtain adequate nutrition orally Safety issues or compromised GI tract |
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What is enteral nutrition? Who would use this method? |
Uses the GI tract: those at risk for aspiration who are unconscious experiencing great anorexia |
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What is osmolarity? |
The number of dissolved particles / 1L |
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Hypertonic? |
osmolarity > body fluids fluid enters sm. intestine to balance osmolarity diarrhea is a common symptom |
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Isotonic? |
osmolarity similar to body fluids |
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What are some nursing interventions for proper feeding? |
Bed at 30-45 angle Monitoring Med administration via tube |
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What are the types of enteral tube choices? |
Nasogastric or Nasojejunal Gastrostomy or Jejunostomy |
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What are the Naso ones? |
Temporary Nose to either stomach or jejunum |
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What are the -stomy ones? |
Permanent Surgically placed |
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What are the three types of feeding administration? |
Continuous: 24hr w/pump Intermittent: shorter time/faster rate Bolus: quick delivery/larger volumes |
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Why is a continuous administration recommended? |
Lower intolerance and less risks |
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What is parenteral nutrition? |
Intravenous nutrition when GI tract is not functioning |
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Why would someone be on parenteral nutrition? |
Intestinal obstruction, short bowel syndrome (malabsorption) |
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How does parenteral nutrition work? |
Micronutrients is most basic form enters bloodstream directly |
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What are the types of parenteral nutrition IVs? |
Peripheral parenteral (short term) Total parenteral (long term) *Requires PIC nurse |
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What nutrients are in the parenteral IV? |
Carbs = (lots of dextrose) Protein = AAs Lipids = EFAs Vitamins, minerals and electrolytes *electrolytes adjusted based on lab values |
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What is the goal of palliative nutrition? |
Aid in symptom relief or discomfort, not cure |
