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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the fiber recommendations for toddlers?
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Fiber recommendations adjusted downward for picky eaters who take in little energy
Intake = age + 5 gram |
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What are the fat recommendations for toddlers?
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DRI range of 30-40% of energy for children 1-3 years old
25-35% for 4-18 years old EFA critical to proper development of nerve, eye, & other tissues |
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What are the iron recommendations for toddlers?
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Deficiency due to the switch from iron-fortified formula to whole milk & unfortified foods
Iron needed critically for normal brain growth & development 7-10 mg/d Iron Deficiency & Behavior • Less motivated to persist intellectually • Shorter attention span • Reduced overall intellectual performance • Irritable, aggressive, disagreeable, sad & withdrawn |
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Lead Poisoning in Toddlers
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Associated with impaired thinking, reasoning, perception; hearing impairments; decreased growth
Slowly injures the kidneys, nerves, brain, bone marrow May not be noticed until poisoning is far along Children absorb more lead because of empty stomach or if they lack Ca, Zn, Fe, vitamin C, vitamin D Lead is absorbed and displaces Fe, Ca, Zn from their sites of action in body cells, but cannot perform their functions |
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Allergies
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Allergy: an immune reaction to a foreign substance/antigen. The body reacts by producing antibodies, histamine, or other defensive agents.
Most dangerous symptom is anaphylactic shock, a life-threatening severe reaction Epinephrine injection o Prevents anaphylaxis after exposure o Opens airways, maintain heartbeat & blood pressure |
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Food Intolerance
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Adverse effect of food or food additive not involving the immune response
Lactose intolerance |
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Food Aversion
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A intense dislike for a certain food
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The Importance of Breakfast
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Associated with improved strength and endurance in the late morning
Better attitude toward school/work &ability to learn/retain information Helps to replenish blood glucose levels in brain when the brain has none early in the morning Hunger can last even after other meals if breakfast is skipped Nutrients skipped from breakfast wont be made up for |
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Acne
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Hereditary skin problem
Skin makes natural oil deep in glands Oil secretions build up in clogged ducts causing acne Chocolate/sugar does not worsen acne Psychological stress worsens acne Vitamin A itself has no effect on acne |
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Teens and Iron
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Increased need for boys to develop lean body mass
Increased need for girls to develop LBM and to support menstruation Increased need for both genders during growth spurt times |
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Calcium and Teens
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Maximal bone strength is retained during younger years, which is required to prevent against disease in later years
Epiphyseal plate closure: bones are growing longer at a rapid rate Low calcium intake due to diet and changes in life |
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Physical Changes of Aging that Affect Nutrition (5)
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Body Composition: Common gain of 10 pounds each decade due to larger portions and lower basal metabolic rate
Digestive Tract: Intestines lose muscle strength which leads to constipation Hormones: The pancreas secrete less insulin which leads to abnormal glucose metabolism Mouth: Tooth loss, gum disease & decreased saliva Sensory Organs: Diminished sight, sense of smell & taste which affects appetite |
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Intake Recommendation for the Aging
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Reduced 5% per decade after turning 50
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Protein Needs for the Elderly
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Protein needs remain the same for older people
Too much will burden ailing kidneys |
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Carbohydrates & Fiber for the Elderly
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Important for energy and to prevent constipation
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Vitamin A and the Elderly
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Absorption increases with aging
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Vitamin D and the Elderly
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Synthesis declines 4x
Need to take supplements, fortified juices or spend more time in the sun |
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Vitamin B12 and the Elderly
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Need fortified foods to counteract the loss of ability to produce enough stomach acid to make the protein bound form of vitamin B12 available for absorption
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Vitamin B12, B6, E, folate and the Elderly
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Needed to prevent loss of mental ability, immunity and eye sight
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Cartenoids, vitamin E and vitamin C
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The lens of the eye is easily oxidized leading to macular degeneration or cataracts
Higher intake of fruits and vegetables is strongly recommended A single low dose of multivitamin tablet each day can improve resistance to disease (tablet must be low in vitamin A) |
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Dehydration and the Elderly
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A major risk
Worsens constipation and bladder problems Thickens mucus in the lungs of those with asthma Drink 6 cups of fluid each day min |
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Water Recommendations
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Women = 2.5 L/day
Men = 3.5 L/day |
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Iron Status and the Elderly
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Generally improves later in life
Iron Deficiency Anemia occurs due to: Diminished appetite with low food intake Chronic blood loss from ulcers or hemorrhoids Poor iron absorption Antacid, anticoagulant, aspirin and arthritis medicines |
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Zinc and the Elderly
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Deficiency is common
Depresses appetite Blunts sense of taste |
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Calcium and the Elderly
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Absorption declines with again
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Alzheimer's Disease
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Dementia, loss of brain functioning beyond normal
Clumps of abnormal protein fragments clog brain and damage the nerve cells |
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Arthritis & Relief
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Painful deterioration and swelling of joints
No one universally effective diet for arthritis is known -Diet low in SADA, high in F&V and whole grains -Fish oils to reduce inflammation -Weight loss if needed -Strength training, medication or surgery may be beneficial Glucosamine chondroitin offers promising results |
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Osteoarthritis
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Affects about 40% of adults
Can result from being obese High intakes of vitamin E or C do NOT slow progression or ease pain Low intakes of vitamin D may speed its progression |
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Rheumatoid Arthritis
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Immune system mistakenly attacks the coverings of the ends of bones
Antioxidants and EPA in fish oil may interfere with activities of the chemicals involved in inflammation or reduce oxidant stress |
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Polymyalsia Rheumatica
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"Many muscle pain"
Requires steroid treatment and some dietary changes may assist |
