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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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who established the first birth control clinic in Canada?
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Mary Hawkins
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what is the most popular form of contraception in grade 10 youth?
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1) condoms, 2) birth control 3) pulling out
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what is the difference between combination pills and minipills?
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combination pills have progesterone and estrogen, and minipills have only progesterone
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how does the birth control pill prevent pregnancy?
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fools the brain into thinking the woman is pregnant, so no additional ova is produced
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what chemicals are released in a regular menstrual cycle?
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low levels of estrogen before/after the period make the pituitary gland secrete FSH, which cause the maturation of ovarian follicles
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how does the pill chemically affect the regular menstrual cycle?
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estrogen in the pill inhibits FSH, which prevents the maturation of ovarian follicles. the progesterone prevents LH from being secreted (which would cause ovulation
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how does the pill affect the cervix?
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progestin causes increases in thickness and acidity in the cervical mucus, which makes it harder for sperm to go through the cervix
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what should a woman do if she misses three pills?
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use other birth control until she has taken 7 days of pills
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what are some good side effects of birth control?
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reduction in PID, fewer ovarian and breast growths, helps with period pain, helps with iron deficiency, reduces odds of endometrium and ovarian cancer
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what are some bad side effects of birth control?
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not good for women with previous medical problems, can gain weight, tenderness in breasts, vaginal discharge, higher odds of getting blood clots
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how does plan b work within the body?
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prevents the joining of sperm and egg by stopping a fertilized egg from attaching to the uterine wall
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when should EC be taken?
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ASAP, most effective within first 72 hours
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what is the contraceptive patch?
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contains a week worth of hormones that is releases into the blood. is to be worn for three weeks then taken off for the period
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what is the vaginal ring?
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delivers estrogen and progestin through the skin. worn for three weeks, and the fourth is for the period. can cause some discomfort during sex, long term side effects are unknown
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what are IUDs?
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small objects that are inserted into the uterus to prevent conception. not as popular because they have side effects: PID, worse menstrual symptoms, ectopic pregnancies
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what is the diaphragm?
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a latex cup/dome that is inserted in the female
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how does the diaphragm work?
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inserted and removed, needs to be used with spermicide
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how is the diaphragm used?
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spermicide is spread in the rim, woman inserts the diaphragm, MUST BE LEFT IN AT LEAST 6 HOURS AFTER SEX
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How effective is the diaphragm?
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failure rate of 6%-18%
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what is the cervical cap?
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dome shaped rubber cup, which varies in sizes and is fitted by a doctor
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how is the cervical cup used?
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it is intended to be used with a spermicide, fits firmly against the cervix, MUST BE LEFT INSIDE FOR 8 HOURS AFTER SEX, and provides protection for another 48 hours after sex without needing more spermicide
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what is the success rate of the cervical cap?
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18-36%
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what are the side effects of the surgical cap?
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urinary tract infections, allergic reactions to rubber/spermicide
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how do spermicides work?
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coat the cervical opening, blocking the passage of sperm, need to be left in for 6-8 hours after coitus
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what is the failure rate of spermicides?
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6-21% (6% when used with another birth control device)
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what is the contraceptive sponge?
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a soft, disposable device that does not need to be fitted (like the diaphragm does). the spermicide is built in, and can be inserted several hours before coitus, and can absorb sperm,
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how long does the protection last for the contraceptive sponge?
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12 hours
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what is the failure rate of the sponge?
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9-20%
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what is the female condom?
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plastic sheath used to line the vagina during intercourse, and is held in place by a plastic ring
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how is the female condom used?
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can be inserted as much as 8 hours before sex, but should be removed instantly after
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how effective is the female condom?
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failure rate is 21-26 percent
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what is the calendar method?
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assumes that ovulation occurs 14 days before the period. the couple doesnt have sex 3 days before day 13. they have sex again 2 days after day 15. AKA: no sex days 10-17 of the cycle
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what is the basal body temperature (BBT) method?
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woman tests her body temperature everyday, because body temp dips before ovulation and steadily rises during it. remains elevated until the period, BUT DOES NOT MENTION UNSAFE DAYS WHERE SPERM MIGHT STILL BE VIABLE. ONLY INDICATES WHEN WOMAN HAS ALREADY OVULATED
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what is the cervical mucous method?
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tracks the changes in thickness of the cervical mucous. dry days are safe, sex should be avoided at the sign of any mucous
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what hormone surges before ovulation?
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LH
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what occurs during a vasectomy?
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1) locate vas deferens, anasthesize
2) cut open vas deferens 3) remove section of vas deferens 4) tie vas deferens together |
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what is the result of a vasectomy?
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sperm is no longer expelled with the ejaculate
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what types of female sterilization are there?
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tubal sterilization,
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what is a tubal sterilization?
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prevents ova and sperm from passing through the fallopian tubes
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what is a minilparotomy?
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way to do tubal sterilization, where a small cut is made in the abdomen, small section of tubes are cut
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what is the difference between a minilaparoscpy and a laparoscopy?
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a laparoscopy has an incision just below the naval
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what is a vaccuum aspiration?
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a method of abortion, and is virtually painless. removal of uterine contents via suction
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what is dilation and evacuation?
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method of abortion, where after dilation of the cervix, a suction tube and forceps are used to remove the uterine contents
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