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125 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Empathy
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The intellectual identification with or experiencing of the feelings, thoughts, or attitudes of another. Relates to film by putting ourselves in the story and feeling what the characters are feeling.
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Four Functions of Creativity
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Inventiveness, Imagination, Inspiration, Perception
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Rule of Thirds
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In composition, you take a frame, break it into thirds, and where the lines intersect is the best place to place your object. To major principles: Balance and Emphasis
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Individual vs. Collaborative Art
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Individual-one person making something. Collaborative- a group of people making something together.
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Inception
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Christopher Nolan- 2010. "Movie about making movies".
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Inception (2)
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Eames is like the actors, puts on different costumes to trick audiance. Fischer (son) is like an audience. Adriadne is like the set director. Cobb is like director, makes audience think a certain thing.
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Narrative
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?
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Linear vs. Nonlinear narrative
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Linear Narrative- events are portrayed in chronological order. Nonlinear Narrative- events are portrayed out of chronological order. It is often used to mimic the structure and recall of human memory.
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Drama
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"Anticipation mingled with uncertainty"
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Motion Picture Scripts
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Length, Content, Scripts Doctor (Screenwriter that polishes specific aspects of an existing screenplay including structure, characterization, dialogue, pacing, theme, and other elements.
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Most Common Structure
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3 act structure. Setup (of the location and characters), Confrontation (with an obstacle), Resolution (culmination in a climax)
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Restricted vs. Unrestricted Narrative
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Unrestricted (omniscient)- we know, see, and hear more than the other characters can (horror movies). Restricted- few expectations, restricted to what the protagonist sees, point of view, subjectivity
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My Cousin Vinny
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Jonathan Lynn-1992
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Cinematography
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?
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The Duelist
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Ridley Scott- 1997
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Visions of Light
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Let go of prejudices and your preoccupations.
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Deep Focus
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A focus in which multiple planes in the shot are all in focus simultaneously. Up close and far away are all in focus.
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Film Noir
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Describes stylish Hollywood crime dramas, particularly those that emphasize cynical attitudes and sexual motivations.
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Low-Key Lighting
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High contrast within the image between light and dark areas. Heighten tension and create sense of despair or mystery.
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High-Key Lighting
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Brightly lit image with little contrast between darks and lights. Implies cheerfulness, employed in musicals and comedies.
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Natural Lighting
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Sunlight, Skylight, Firelight. Whatever light sources are given part of an existing setting, such as streetlights or car headlights. Natural light has intensity can change (Noon, twilight)
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Aspect Ratios
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Aspect-width and height of film on a screen.
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Widescreen
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Differentiates films from TV, Creates long horizontal shots, May have aspect ratios from 1.65:1 up to 2.55:. Standard for television 4.3
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Long Shots
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Places considerable distance between camera and scene, object, or person. Establishes a context for action.
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Middle Shots
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See boy of person from waist up, melodramatic or romantic films.
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Close Up Shots
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Show details of a person or object, such as the face or hands, or a flower on a windowsill. Indicates character's feelings or thoughts or special significance of object.
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Pan
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Moves frame from side to side without changing position or axis of camera. Rotates as if character turning their head.
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Dolly
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Small, wheeled platform which camera can be mounted to gain mobility.
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Track
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Camera travels forwards, backwards, or laterally while mounted on dolly.
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Three-Point Lighting
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Standard Hollywood lighting setup, Situated to suggest three basic sources.
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Three-Point Lighting (2)
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Key Light- light falling from specific direction. Fill Light- soften hard edge of shadows cast by key light. Backlight- place above and on opposite side of subject to define depth.
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Preproduction
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Involves work before filming-writting, set design, location scouting, costuming.
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Production
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Phase of making a movie in which staging and shooting take place.
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Postproduction
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Cutting and combining what has been filmed, recording music, sound effects
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Documentary
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?
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Grizzly Man
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Werner Herzog- 2005
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Winnebago Man
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Ben Steinbauer- 2009
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"Ecstasy of Truth"
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Are all documentaries truth? Its up to viewer to decide.
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Heisenberg Principle
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?
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Early Film- Lumiere Brothers 1895
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Actualities- Footage of a real event that is not structured into a larger argument.
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Direct Cinema
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The filmmaker can be an observer. Could just be watching or a fly on a wall, watching using lightweight equipment.
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Maysles Brothers
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Salesmen
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Werner Herzog
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Documentaries, says films is the art of illiterates.
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Editing
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The selection and combining of shots into sequences, and ultimately creating a finished motion picture. Art of storytelling
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Elephant
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Gus Van Sant- 2003
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180 Degree Rule
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States that two characters (or other elements) in the same scene should always have the same left/right relationship to each other. Enables the audience to visually connect with unseen movement happening around and behind the immediate subject.
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30 Degree Rule
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Basic film editing guideline that states the camera should move at least 30 degrees between shots of the same subject occurring in succession.
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Continuity Editing
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Narrative and character emphasized, Linear time, Consistent point of view, Make audience forget they are watching a movie (Editing is invisible)
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Disjointed Editing
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Draws attention to cuts, External rhythms, Conventional narratives is secondary, Putting you in the shoes of the characters.
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Transitions
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Technique by which scenes or shots are combined, May include dissolves, wipes, fades.
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Montage/"Third Meaning"
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Grouping of two or more images to create another meaning.
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Sergei Eisenstein, Soviet Formalists
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Montage forged meaning not immediately evident in the shots themselves. Meaning was not in the shots themselves but in their collision. Film is a reflection of nature's opposition- conflict and synthesis or opposites.
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Walter Murch's "Rule of Six"
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1. Emotion 2. Story 3. Rhythm 4. Eye Trace 5. 2 dimensional plane of screen 6. 3 dimensional space of action
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Monsters
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Gareth Edwards- 2010
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Guerilla Filmmaking
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Form of independent filmmaking characterized by low budgets, small crews, and simple props using whatever is available. Scenes are shot quickly in real locations without any warning, and without obtaining permission from the owners of the locations.
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Use of Digital Effects
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These can really help a small independent film make itself look a lot more finished.
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Love Story
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?
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Improvisation, role of the crew members
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The crew members in monsters had to be ready to film a scene whenever they came across a location that would work. Often times had to improv something to make it more realistic.
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Sound
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80% of a movie is communicated through sound.
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Master and Commander
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Ridley Scott- 2003
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Sound Envelope
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Attack- way a sound is initiated. Sustain- the period of time during which the sound remains before it becomes inaudible, or silent. Decay- the decrease in amplitude when a vibrating force has been removed.
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Pitch
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The pitch of a sound is determined by the frequency of the sound.
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Timbre
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Unique combination of fundamental frequency, harmonics, and overtones that give each voice, musical instrument, and sound effect its unique coloring and character.
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Harmonics
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When a object vibrates it propagates sound waves of a certain frequency. This frequency, in turn, sets in motion frequency waves called harmonics.
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Rhythm
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A recurring sound that alternates between strong and weak elements.
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Loudness
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That attribute of auditory sensation in terms of which sounds can be ordered on a scale extending from quiet to loud.
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Three Stems of a Sound
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Dialogue, Effects, Music
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Dialogue
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Includes production and automated dialogue replacement.
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Effects
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Includes SFX (sound effects) and Foley (reproduction of ever day sounds for use in filmmaking).
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Music
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Includes composed and compiled sounds.
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Diegetic Sound
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Dialogue sound effects, Sound whose sources is visible on the screen or whose sources is implied to be present by the action of the film.
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Non-Diegetic Sound
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Voice-over, Music. Sound whose source is neither visible on the screen nor has been implied to be present in the action.
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Modes of Sound
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Realism, Hyper realism, Surrealsim
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Realism
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Invisible editing, like a conversation
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Hyper realism
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the exaggeration of the sound design to make it look different
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Surrealism
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Something is exaggerated on purpose
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Music
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Compiled- Sound artist gathers music from other sources. Composed- Sound artists makes his own musics for a movie.
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Visual Image
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Sounds happen Sequential, A-B-C
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Sound Image
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Happens simultaneously
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Sound Object
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?
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Foley Artist
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A Foley artist looks to recreate the realistic ambient sounds that the films portrays.
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Genre
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A blueprint for industry production, Structure on which individual films are founded, Label of use to distributors and exhibitors, Contrast between director and the audience.
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Say Anything
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Cameron Crowe- 1989
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All in the Family
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Situational Comedy
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Types of Genre
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Adventures, Westerns, Romantic Comedies
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How are Genres Defined
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By Subject or Themes, By Manner of Presentation, By Plot Patterns.
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Film Genre vs. Genre Film
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Film Genre- A category for films.
Genre Film-A film that fits within that category. |
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Historical Development of Genres not Straightforward
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Cycles of Popular Genres, Tightly bound to cultural factors, May exploit ambivalent social values and attitudes.
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Films Rejecting Genres Conventions
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Can reject genres conventions by providing something new and fresh, something that is different from previous films before it.
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Adaption
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?
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The Boy in the Striped Pajamas
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Mark Herman- 2008
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Story Is
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"Something happens to somebody you like"- Stephen King
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Narrative
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A story that describes a sequence of fictional or non-fictional events.
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Narration
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Refers to the way that a story is told.
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Narrator
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Within any story the person who tells the story to the audience.
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Characterization
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?
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Taxi Driver
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Martin Scorsese- 1976
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Hero
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A man distinguished by exceptional courage and nobility and strength.
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Antihero
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Main character in a dramatic or narrative work who is characterized by a lack of traditional heroic qualities, such as idealism or courage.
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Persona
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What we connect with (Relating to character)
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Character
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The presentation of a person in a narrative or dramatic work of art.
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Animation
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?
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Persepolis
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Vincent Paronnaud and Marjane Satrapi- 2007
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Definitions of Animation
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Single-Frame Cinematography, Simulation of Movement, Imbuing of Life.
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Types of Animation
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Cell, Rotoscope, Pixilation, Clay, Cameraless.
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Animation Studios
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Disney, Warner Brothers, UPA, Hanna-Barbera
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Neighbors (Pixilation) & Begone Dull Care (Cameraless)
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Norman Mclaren (Film Board of Canada)
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Animated Films on the Rise
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It is becoming easier to produce, easier to make unrealistic happen, Pixar is making animation popular, Anime is also popular, animation on television.
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Musical Genre
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?
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Velvet Goldmine
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Todd Haynes- 1998
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Heterosociality
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social relations with a person of the opposite sex not including romantic or sexual nature.
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Loaded genre of masculinity and realism
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?
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Richard Dyer
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Musicals and Utopian sensibility. Conflict between historicity and utopia. Denies class patriarchal and sexual struggles.
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Rick Altman
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Duality in musicals, Mediating binaries, attaining both ends.
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Musical Number as Utopia
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Portray a perfect world
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Fred Astaire
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Composer and filmmaking
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Busby Berkley
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Geometric, Sexualized
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History of Musical
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--
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1930's- 1960's:
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Great era of the Hollywood Musical
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1950's:
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General decline of studio system
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Youth Culture meets musicals:
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Phantom of Paradise
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Rock Musicals
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1980's:
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Wane of musicals until recently.
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Musicals Today
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High School Musical, Hairspray
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Read the Movie Idiom Book
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Chapter 3: Genre. Chapter 8: Character. Stereotypes, Method Acting.
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