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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are reasons that we have EIDs
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1. we travel more than before
2. we travel faster than before 3. pathogens go wherever hosts go |
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What is an example of an EID from 2003?
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SARS - started in China and within 5 months Toronto became N.American centre
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What is the best way to prevent EIDs?
What is a problem? |
Isolation of infected individuals
Individuals need to be symptomatic - most airtravel is too fast to be symptomatic |
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What changes in the 20th century have promoted EIDs?
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- population explosion
- 80% of people live in 3rd world - urbanized, crowded, extreme poverty with poor nutrition and sanitation, non-existant public health = EID |
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What is the source of EID outbreak?
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3rd world
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What is the leading cause of death worldwide?
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Infectious disease
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What is a new trend in EID?
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Number of new pathogens - one new pathogen per year
- can't rely on classical diseases/ treatments |
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Over 70% of new EID are...
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zoonotic - microbes from animal reservoirs (wild and domestic)
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What are some reasons for increased zoonotic transmission?
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- Increased contact with wild animals
- industrialization of livestock and food processing |
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What is postulated as the original source of SARS?
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- palm civet in southern china = intermediate host (because they were experiencing symptoms)
- bats = natural reservoir |
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In which family of viruses is SARS?
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coronavirus
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SARS causes illness in natural reservoir? T/F
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False - cohabitate
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What infections are bats reservoirs for?
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Ebola - hemorrhagic fever
SARS Marburg virus |
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HIV has evolved from...
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Simian Immunodeficiency Virus
HIV 1 and 2 have evolved independently from each other |
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Why is SIV not an accurate term for this microbe?
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Because it does not cause disease in the zoonotic host
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What is simian foamy virus?
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New virus that has infected African hunters from zoonotic host - may provide evidence of HIV from SIV
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What is hamburger disease?
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E.coli O157:H7
Hallmarks - 1. unusually virulent (1-100 bacteria) 2. invasive 3. have shiga-toxin |
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How does E.Coli have shiga toxin?
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Horizontal gene transfer - plasmid
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Does salmonella cause illness in farm animals?
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NO! Zoonotic host...
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What is the major contributor to e.coli and salmonella spread?
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large scale food processing
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What fungal infection is common on Vancouver Island?
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Cryptococcus - highest incidence in the world
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What are some strategies to minimize impact of EID?
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1. international monitoring and surveillance
2. Rapid response to outbreaks 3. more basic research to keep up with new infections |
