Fluvial Processes

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fluvial

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comes from the latin word fluvis which means river

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running water dominates

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3/4 of land area

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water moves

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much slower than wind but moves far more materials

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water moving as sheet flow can

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move material

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ephermal streams and rivers

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rivers and streams in arid environments that periodically dry up

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as streams change

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they cause flood plains and river valleys

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flood plains are

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flat areas adjacent to rivers or streams thats periodically hold water

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relatively resistant rocks on one or both sides of a flood plain produce

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bluffs

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natural leeves

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are somewhat elevated areas of land on either side of a channel

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when water leaves their banks

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it is exposed to a significant amount of friction

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friction on the banks slows

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overflowing water and forces the heaviest sediments (like sand and course silt)

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the leeves are made up of

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sands and course silts

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back swamps are

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low lying portions of the flood plain lying between the natural leeve and the edge of the flood plain

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river terrance

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is an abandoned flood plain located above the present stream (includes the present flood plain)

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Changing climate or tetonic uplift may cause

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down cutting bellow the existing flood plain, and enough time passes a new flood plain is created bellow the original one

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waterfalls and rapids

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are portions of channels with steep gradients

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Deltas

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are deposits of alluvium, formed when streams enter standing water

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Alluvial fans

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are usually found in dry mountanous emvironments
-much like deltas

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plateaus

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are extensive areas of flat land places of higher elevation

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Mesas

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have steep sides appear to be somewhat smaller than plateaus surrounded by lower lying plains

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Buttes

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are even smaller, flat topped elevated places with steep sides