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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Intracellular Fluid (ICF)
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Comprises all the fluid within the cells, about two-thirds of TBW.
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Extracellular Fluid (ECF)
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All the fluid outside of the cells, about one-third of TBW. Divided into two smaller compartments.
*Interstitial fluid (the space between cells & outside the blood vessels) *Intravascular Fluid (blood plasma) |
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Interstitial fluid
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The space between cells & outside the blood vessels.
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Intravascular Fluid
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Blood plasma.
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Isotonic fluid excesses
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The result of excessive administration of intravenous fluids, hypersecretion of aldosterone, or the effects of drugs such as cortisone.
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Isotonic fluid loss (isotonic dehydration)
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Causes contraction of the ECF volume w/ weight loss, dryness of the skin, and mucous membranes, decreased urine output, & symptoms of hypovolemia.
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Lymphedema
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When lymphatic channels are blocked or surgically removed, protiens & fluid accumulate in the interstitial space causing:
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Metabolic acidosis
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Noncarbonic acids increase or bicarbonate is lost from ECF.
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Metabolic alkadosis
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Excessive loss of metabolic acid occurs, bicarbonate increases, causing:
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Natriuretic horomones (peptides)
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Promote urinary excretion of sodium & water & decrease blood pressure.
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Net filtration
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The movement of fluid back & forth across the capillary wall.
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Nonvolatile
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Can be eliminated by the kidneys.
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Volatile
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Can be eliminated as CO-2 gas.
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Osmoreceptors
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Neurons in the hypothalamus.
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Potassium (K+)
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The major intracellular electrolyte & is essential for normal cellular functions.
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Potassium tolerance
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The body's ability to adapt to increased levels of potassium.
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Pure sodium deficit
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Caused by extrarenal losses, such as vomiting, diarrhea, gastrointestional suctioning, burns, or the use of diuretics.
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Renin
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An enzyme secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney.
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Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
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The complete system.
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Respiratory acidosis
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A decrease in aveolar ventilation in relation to the metabolic production of CO2.
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Respiratory alkadosis
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Occurs when there is aveolar hyperventilation & excessive reduction in plasma CO2 levels (hypocapnia).
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Sodium (Na+)
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Accounts for 90% of the ECF cations.
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Starling's hypothesis
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Net filtration=Force filtration-Forces opposing filtration.
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Syndrome of inappropiate secretion of ADH (SIADH)
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Occurs when factors other than hyperosmolality or hypovolemia stimulate secretion of ADH.
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Volume senstive receptors
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Nerve endings that are sensitive to changes in volume and pressure.
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Water deficit
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The most common cause is increased renal clearnce of free water as a result of inpaired tubular function or inability to concentrate urine, as w/ diabetes insiidus.
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