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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Location of most body fluid
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1. Vascular fluid: blood and lymph vessels
2. Interstitial fluid: between cells 3. Intracellular fluid: within cells |
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Job of all three:
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Vascular: maintaining blood volume,BP, & cardiovasc. syestm functioning
Interstitial fluid: transporting oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and chemicals between blood & cytoplasm ICF: maintaining cell size and function |
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Two types of body fluid & primary electrolytes
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Intracellular: within cells
- potassium, phosphate, sulfate extracellular: outside cells - sodium, chloride and bicarbonate 2/3 total fluid in ICF & 1/3 in the ECF |
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Fluids inside ECF
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Intravascular fluid: inside the blood and lymphatic vessels
Interstitial fluid: between the cells |
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Baroreceptors
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Stretch receptors or pressure receptor
- In major arteries & veins - motor vascular volume. |
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Osmolarity v. Osmolality
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Osmolarity: proportion of dissolved particles (solute) in a volume of fluid.
280-300 mOsm/L Osmolality: concentration of dissolved substances in a given weight of fluid rather than in a given volume |
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1. Electrolytes
2. Ions 3. Cations 4. Anions |
1. Chemical compounds that partially separate in solution.
2. Particle carrying electrical charges in electrolytes 3. Positively charged ions 4. Negatively charged ions |
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Milliequivalent
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- Measure of the chemical activity of electrolyte concentrations
(In terms of their combining power, or the ability of cations to combine with anions) |
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Sodium & normal ranges
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135-145 mEg/L
- Changes in serum sodium level reflect changes in body water balance or osmolarity rather than reflecting sodium intake and output directly. *Where sodium goes, water follows |
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Potassium and normal ranges
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3.5-5.0 mEq/L
- Essential for normal cardiac, neural and muscle function and contractility of all muscles - Insulin and aldosterone are hormones that control ECF concentration in potassium |
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Calcium & normal ranges
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4.3-5.3 mEq/L OR 8.9-10.1 mg/dL
- Essential to cell membrane, cellular adhesion, neural transmission, muscles contractility, teeth and bone structure. |
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Magnesium and Phosphorus
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Magnesium: neuromuscular and cardiac function
Phosphorus: Metabolism, bone/membrane structure |
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Note about diuretics:
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They pull fluid out and sodium and potassium levels drop.
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Buffers
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Substances that help to prevent large changes in pH by absorbing or releasing H+ ions.
ex. if blood has excess acid, buffering prevents a large drop in pH by combining with with additional H+ ions the acid releases, minimizing potentially damaging effect of extra H+ ions in the blood. |
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Age Conciderations
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Infants:
- Higher % total water, ECF & body surface. Immature kidney function Older adults: - Loss of nephrons w. diminished kidney function, chronic illnesses & medications, deydration |
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Factors Impacting Balance
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Fluid & Food Intake:
Fluid & electrolyte output: - Renal function/urine output - Skin/perspiration/diaphoresis - GI/vomiting/diarrhea/alterations (ex. loss of colon) - Medications/diuretics Chronic Illness - Renal, cardiac, liver, respiratory |
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Diaphoresis
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excessive sweating
- sweat is a hypotonic fluid containing Na, K, & Chloride |
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What happens with an imbalance
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- imbalance of intake and output
- weight change - altered mental status - vital signs - altered tissue hydration dry skin, low skin tugor, edema - altered muscle tone |
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Skin tugor
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- when you pinch the skin (usually forehead or sternum)
- The point is to see the length of time in which the skin returns to normal Tenting= dehydration |
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Rapid weight gain =
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WATER RETENTION
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Interventions of an imbalance
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- Increasing or restricting fluids (may need if have kidney issues)
- Electrolyte replacement via diet or supplements - Managing IV therapy or other medical interventions |
