Fluids & Electrolytes

Front 1

Fluid Volume Deficit
(Hypovolemia)
Definition

Back 1

Loss of water and solutes in same proportion from ECF

Front 2

Fluid Volume Deficit
Causes

Back 2

Vomiting, Diarrhea, GI Suction, Sweat, Decreased Intake

Front 3

Fluid Volume Deficit
Risk Factors

Back 3

diabetes insipidus, adrenal insufficiency, osmotic diuresis, hemorrhage, coma, 3rd space shift

Front 4

Fluid Voulme Deficit
Symptoms

Back 4

weight loss, dec.skin turgor, oliguria, concen.urine, post.hypotension, rapid/weak pulse,clammy skin, weak muscles, cramps

Front 5

Fluid Volume Excess
(Hypervolemia)
Definition

Back 5

excess retention of water and sodium in ECF, in near equal proportions

Front 6

Fluid Volume Excess
Causes

Back 6

Excess dietary sodium, or IV's containing sodium

Front 7

Fluid Volume Excess
Risk Factors

Back 7

Heart failure, Renal failure, Cirrhosis of Liver

Front 8

Fluid Volume Excess
Symptoms

Back 8

edema, crackles/wheezes, tachycardia, increased BP,PP,CVP,UO, weight gain, SOB

Front 9

Hyponatremia
CAUSES

Back 9

adrenal insuff. water intox., SIADH, vomiting, diarrhea,sweating, diuretics

Front 10

Hyponatremia
SYMPTOMS

Back 10

poor skin turgor, dry mucosa, headache, cramps, Decreased salivation & BP

Front 11

Hypernatremia
CAUSES

Back 11

excess water loss, diabetes insipidus, heat stroke, hypertonic sol.

Front 12

Hypernatremia
SYMPTOMS

Back 12

thirst, increased temp, sticky mucosa, restlessness, weak, swollen dry tongue

Front 13

Hypokalemia
CAUSES

Back 13

GI loss, meds, hyperaldosteronism, poor diet

Front 14

Hypokalemia
SYMPTOMS

Back 14

anorexia,dysrhythmias, weak muscles, Deep Tendon Reflexes (DTRs)

Front 15

Hyperkalemia
CAUSES

Back 15

meds, impaired renal fx, hypoaldosteronism, tissue trauma, acidosis

Front 16

Hyperkalemia
SYMPTOMS

Back 16

dysrhythmias, weak muscles, potential resp impair, anxiety, GI problems

Front 17

Hypocalcemia
CAUSES

Back 17

hypoparathyroidism, malabsorption, pancreatitis, alkalosis, renal fail

Front 18

Hypocalcemia
SYMPTOMS

Back 18

tetany, hyperactive DTRs, Trousseau's, Chovstek's, seizures, dyspnea, laryngospasm, clotting

Front 19

Hypercalcemia
CAUSES

Back 19

malignancy, bone loss, hyperparathyroidism

Front 20

Hypercalcemia
SYMPTOMS

Back 20

weak muscles, anorexia, ab/bone pain, polyuria, thirst, dysrhythmis

Front 21

Hypomagnesemia
CAUSES

Back 21

alcoholism, GI losses, rapid admin of cirated blood, diabetic ketoacidosis, sepsis, burns, hypothermia

Front 22

Hypomagnesemia
SYMPTOMS

Back 22

neuromuscular irritability, weak muscles, tremors, dysrhythmias

Front 23

Hypermagnesemia
CAUSES

Back 23

renal fail, diabetic ketoacidosis

Front 24

Hypermagnesemia
SYMPTOMS

Back 24

low BP, hypoactive reflexes, drowsy, depressed resp. ECG changes, dysrhythmias

Front 25

Hypophosphatemia
CAUSES

Back 25

heat stroke, resp alkalosis, hyperventilation, diatbetic ketoacidosis, hepotatic encephalopathy, major burns, vitamin D deficiancy, diuretic and antacid use

Front 26

Hypophosphatemia
SYMPTOMS

Back 26

Neurologic confusion, tissue hypoxia, susceptibillity to infection

Front 27

Hyperphosphatemia
CAUSES

Back 27

renal failure, excess vitamin D, acidosis, chemotherapy

Front 28

Hyperphosphatemia
SYMPTOMS

Back 28

symptoms occur due to associated hypocalcemia

Front 29

Hypochloremia
CAUSES

Back 29

addison's disease, reduced chloride intake, diabetic ketoacidosis, excessive sweating, fever, burns, met alk

Front 30

Hypochloremia
SYMPTOMS

Back 30

agitation, irritability, hyperexcitability of muscles, seizures, coma

Front 31

Hyperchloremia
CAUSES

Back 31

dehydration, sever diarrhea, respiratory alk, metabolic acidosis

Front 32

Hypercholremia
SYMPTOMS

Back 32

tachypnea, lethargy, weakness, hypertension, cognitive changes

Front 33

Metabolic Acidosis
CAUSES

Back 33

renal failure

Front 34

Metabolic Acidosis
SYMPTOMS

Back 34

increased rr and depth, decreased BP, dysrhythmias and shock

Front 35

Metabolic Alkolosis
CAUSES

Back 35

vomit, or gastric suction, long term diuretic, hypokalemia

Front 36

Metabolic Alkolosis
SYMPTOMS

Back 36

decreased calcium, resp depression, tachycartia

Front 37

Respiratory Acidosis
CAUSES

Back 37

inadaquete excretion of CO2

Front 38

Respiratory Acidosis
SYMPTOMS

Back 38

increased pulse rr and BP, mental changes and feeling of fullness in head

Front 39

Respiratory Alkalosis
CAUSES

Back 39

hyperventilation

Front 40

Respiratory Alkalosis
SYMPTOMS

Back 40

lightheadedness and ability to concentrate, loss of consciousness, numbness and tingling