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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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central pontine demyelination
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rapid correction of hyponatremia, water runs out of neurons to higher concentration of Na in blood. neurons dehydrate and ie in pons.
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SIADH treatment
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restrict fluids to 800-1000cc/m2 and treat underlying problem. Replace urinary Na losses.
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Renal threshold for bicarb in term baby
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20-21meq/L
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Percent of maintenance lost as insensible, and what IVF to replace it with.
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one third.
D5W |
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Addison's electrolytes
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hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, mild acidosis. Decreased Urinary K, Increased Urinary Na.
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CHF electrolytes
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hyponatremia, edema, decreased Urinary Na.
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dehydration electorlytes
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Na lost through GI. Urinary sodium low <10mEq/L
ANP decreases, ADH increases, Urinary Osm increase. |
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SIADH electrolytes
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hyponatremic with Na wasting (Urinary Na >20) due to upreg ANP, down reg ADH
Urine Osm very high, Serum Osm very low. normal K, |
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Rate of correction of Na in hypernatremic dehydration
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over 48-72hrs correct deficit.
Na not to go down faster than 10-12 mEq/L each day. |
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proton secretion location in kidney
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collecting tubules. Secrete to create acidic surroundings to acidifiy urine.
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Barter syndrome
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hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis from 2 hyperaldosteronism. kidneys spill K and Cl, normal BP
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Conn S
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Primary hyperaldosteronism. too much aldosterone. hypoK, hypertension.
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normal anion gap
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8-16
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normal anion gap differential
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Ureterosigmoidostomy
Small bowel fistula Extra Cl Diarrhea Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CRF) Addison disease RTA Parenteral nutrition |
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organic acidemias
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methylmalonic, proprionic
Appear normal at birth but soon present with poor feeding, lethargy, dehydration, met acidosis. |
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Urea cycle defects
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hyperammonemia, no acidosis CPS(carbamoyl synthetase) def, or OTC. CPS is AR, OTC is XR so males present immediately, heterofemales present later.
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RTA type I
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distal renal tubule cannot acidify urine. pH never < 5.5 adults or <6 baby
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RTA type II
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prox tubule cannot reclaim bicarb
non-gap acidosis. urine pH can get low. |
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high-altitude electrolyte disturbance from chronic hypoxia
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hypoxia->hypocapnea->hypophosphatemia and ATP loss (no phosphate for ATP). FeNa > 1. kidneys lose bicarb,
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CF dehydration electrolytes
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hyponaremic
hypochloremia hypokalemic met acidosis |
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EKG with hypoK
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PVCs
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hypokalemia EKG
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flat T, presence of U (after T) If severe = Toursades.
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EKG changes with hyperkalemia
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peaked T is K of 6-8.
severe hi K: wide QRS, AV block 2:1 muffled heart tones, no pulse (PEA) different from V tach |
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EKG change with hypoCa
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prolonged QT, ST gets lengthened
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