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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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% of body weight is water in Women
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50-55%
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% of body weight is water in Men
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66-70%
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% of body weight is water in Elderly
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47%
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% of body weight is water in Infants
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75-80%
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Intracellular Fluid is what % of total body fluid?
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70%
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Excracellular fluid is what % of total body fluid?
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30%
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Of the 30% of ECF, what % is Interstitial?
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24%
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Of the 30% of ECF, what % is Intravascular?
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6%
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Movement of Particles from a higher to lower concentration.
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Diffusion
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Movement of fluid from a lower to higher concentration.
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Osmosis
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The pressure demonstrated when a solvent moves through the semi-permeable membranes from weker to stronger concentrations.
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Osmotic Pressure
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Isotonic IV Solutions
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Normal Saline (.9%), Dextrose 5% in water, Lactated Ringer's
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Hypotonic IV solutions
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Tap water, SOdium Chloride less then .9%
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Hypertonic IV Solutions
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Dextrose 5% or higher in saline, Dextrose stronger then 5% in water, Albumin
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Made in teh hypothalamus and stored and secreted by posterior pituitary. Causes kidney to RETAIN sodium and water.
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Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
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Made in the adrenal cortex. Causes kidneys to RETAIN sodium and water and get rid of potassium.
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Aldosterone
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mL of FLUID INTAKE from ingested water
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1200-1700 mL
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mL of FLUID INTAKE from food
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700-1000 mL
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mL of FLUID INTAKE from Metabolic oxidation
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200-400 mL
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mL of FLUID OUTPUT from urine
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1200-1700 mL
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mL of FLUID OUTPUT from Feces
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100-250 mL
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mL of FLUID OUTPUT from Skin
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350-400 mL
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mL of FLUID OUTPUT from Perspiration
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100-150 mL
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mL of FLUID OUTPUT from Lungs
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350-400 mL
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Dehydration (extracellular fluid volume deficit) CAUSES
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Vomiting, Diarrhea, Diuretics, Increased Resp, Insufficient I.V. fluid replacement
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Dehydration Signs and Symptoms
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WEight loss, poor skin turgor, dry/warm/feverish, Decreased urine output/dark/odorous, increased resp.
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Dehydration management
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Replace fluid p.o. or I.V., Weigh daily
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Circulatory Overload (Fluid Volume Excess) causes
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Too many IV fluids too quickly, decreased kidney or heart function
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Fluid volume excess Signs and Symptoms
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Cough, dyspnea, rales, tahypnea, increased BP, Increased CVP, JVD, Tachycardia, flushed skin, pink/frothy sputum
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Fluid volume excess management
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Diuretics (lasix), restrict fluids
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Hypokalemia presentations
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<3,5, Muscle weakness, weak pulses, ECG changes
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Hypokalemia causes
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Potassium depleting diuretics, burns, diarrhea, colitis, vomiting
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Hypokalemia Management
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Potassium Replacement
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Hyperkalemia presentations
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> 5.0, Muscle weakness, ECG changes
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Hyperkalemia Causes
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REnal failure, Acidosis
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Hyperkalemia Management
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Kayexalate by mouth, or retention enema, Insulin and glucose IV
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Hyponatremia presentations
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<135, Confusion, Hypotension, Oliguria, Muscle Weakness, Convulsions, ECG Changes (CHEMO) pneumonic
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Hyponatremia Causes
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Increased Perspiration, Drinking only tap water, GI losses (Diahhrea, vomiting, suction), Diuretics
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Hyponatremia Management
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Normal SAline for irrigations to prevent Hyponatremia, High sodium diet
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Hypernatremia Presentations
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>145, Edema, Dry/Sticky mucous membranes, Thirst, Elevated Temp, Flushed skin
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Hypernatremia Causes
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Decreased Water Intake, Increased Sodium Intake, Impaired Renal Function
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Hypernatremia Management
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Give Water
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Saline Composition
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Fluid, Na+, Cl-
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Dextrose Composition
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Fluid and calories
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Lactated Ringer;s Composition
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Fluid, Na, K, Cl, Ca++
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Plasma Expanders Composition
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Albumin, dextran, plaminate
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Nursing Care during IV's
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Assess for signs of Circ overload, Assess Urine OUtput to determine renal function, Assess site, Assess flow rate, Assess IV fluid and tubing.
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Ways to remove acid in body
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Respiratory, Kidney, Buffering
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pH NORMS
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7.35-7.45
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paCO2 NORMS
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35-45
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paO2 NORMS
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80-100
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HCO3 NORMS
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22-26
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Respiratory Acidosis
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Low pH, High HCO3, High paCO2.
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Respiratory Acidosis cause
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COPD/Lung cancer
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Metabolic Acidosis
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Low pH, Low paCO2, Low HCO3
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Metabolic Acidosis Causes
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Diabetes, REnal Failure, Diahhrea
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REspiratory Alkalosis
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High pH, Low paCO2, Low HCO3
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REspiratory Alkalosis causes
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Hyperventilation
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Metabolic Alkalosis
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High pH, High paCO2, High HCO3
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Metabolic Alkalosis Causes
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Vomitting
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